Hadley Climate Center HadAT2 Data shows global cooling in the last year

Overall long term trend remains positive in lower troposphere.

Most often on this forum we have looked at either surface temperature data from surface observations or lower tropospheric temperature data derived from satellite sounders. Today I’d like to point out a short scale trend in global radiosonde data showing cooling in the last year, as well as examine the record back to 1958.

The HadAT2 dataset from the Hadley Climate Center takes in balloon radiosonde measurements taken twice daily from hundreds of points around the globe and compiles it. Here is how they describe it:

HadAT consists of temperature anomaly timeseries on 9 standard reporting pressure levels (850hPa to 30hPa). The data is also available as equivalent measures to the broad MSU satellite weighting functions. The gridded product is derived from 676 individual radiosonde stations with long-term records. Because of the criteria of data longevity the resulting dataset is limited to land areas and primarily Northern Hemisphere locations. Radiosondes are single launch instruments and there have been many changes in instruments and observing practices with time. HadAT has used a neighbour-based approach to attempt to adjust for these effects and produce a homogeneous product suitable for climate applications.

They also go on to add a cautionary note about data uncertainty:

It is important to note that significant uncertainty exists in radiosonde datasets reflecting the large number of choices available to researchers in their construction and the many heterogeneities in the data.

And they go on to suggest alternate data sets for “robustness”. For now, we’ll just stick to HadAT2, but if readers want to do comparisons against the other datasets I’ll post results here. Just visit the HadAT2 page for links.

Here is the plot of all the pressure altitude levels of temperature data since 1958:

Click for a larger image

The source data set in ASCII text is available here

In the graph above, the warmer (redder) colors represent lower tropospheric data closer to the surface (850mb for example) while the cooler blues (cyans) are the high altitude data (100, 50, and 30mb). You can see in the 850mb data, the familiar signature of the 1998 Super El Nino that raised temperatures globally.

You can also see the slow upward trend in temperature in the lower troposphere data since 1958, about 0.6°C.

To give laymen readers an idea of the vertical scope of the plot above, here is a graphic showing pressure versus atmospheric altitude.

Graphic Source: PhysicalGeography.net

Now what is interesting is when we zoom the data plotted above down to a five year level, as shown in the graph below.

Click for a larger image

Note that while preceding years have been relatively flat for trend, during the last 12-18 months, there has been a noticeable downward trend in all atmospheric levels except 50mb and 30mb, while 100mb appears to remain flat. The 50mb and 30mb levels don’t appear to have much of a positive trend in the last 12-18 months that differentiate it from the last 5 years.

For those who will immediately jump on the standard gripe of “cherry picking” let me say that I’m only using the zoomed 5 year time period above to better visually illustrate the change in the last 12-18 months. As I mentioned above, the overall long term trend since 1958 in the lower troposphere is still positive.

But whatever has happened globally in the last 12-18 months, the temperature downturn we see makes for interesting discussion.

0 0 votes
Article Rating

Discover more from Watts Up With That?

Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.

84 Comments
Inline Feedbacks
View all comments
August 15, 2008 1:31 pm

Counters: You write about the PDO as if it is the SST of the North Pacific. It is not. It is a statistically manufactured index that pulls the ENSO signal out of the North Pacific. This is a graph of North Pacific and Global SST anomalies.
http://i25.tinypic.com/2cyg07k.jpg

Joel Shore
August 15, 2008 2:10 pm

Jared: “What the AGWers are unable to explain is the 10 year flat trend in global temps. With rising CO2 ongoing, why would temperatures stop rising over such a period? Give me an answer more substantial than the meanigless ‘decadal variation’ or ‘noise’.”
Well, if you consider the correct answer to be meaningless, there is little more that can be do to convince you. As has been clearly demonstrated, even individual runs of climate models that incorporate the increasing levels of CO2 show periods over which the temperature trends are essentially flat or negative. See here: http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2008/05/what-the-ipcc-models-really-say/langswitch_lang/sk
Philip B says: “The point at issue is whether or not GHG are, or are not ,increasingly driving climate change (assuming it’s happening). And so to say, different things control the changes over different timescales is pure obfuscation.”
It is not obfuscation to point out the obvious flaws in your logic. I even gave you a clear analogy: The fact that there are significant temperature variations from week-to-week (or, even if you wish, from day-to-night) that sometimes cause temperatures here in Rochester to go in the opposite direction from what is predicted on the basis of the seasonal cycle does not mean that the seasonal cycle isn’t happening and isn’t a very strong driver of the weather here. Do you disagree with this observation or think that this analogy is somehow invalid?
JP says: “In each of these events (short term events), you can find a number of Climate Experts who cite AGW as the cause…How about a truce: you get the ‘peer reivewed climate experts’ to refrain from using short term ‘weather events’ a proof of AGW, and maybe Anthony will do the same. ”
Well, I cannot vouch for everyone else talking about such events. However, the correct way to relate such events to AGW is to note that in a world where there is global warming (and possibly an accompanying increase in powerful hurricanes and an increase in droughts in some areas…), the sort of extreme events or record-breaking events that you mention become more likely…in some cases, significantly more likely. None of these events can be shown to be due to AGW specifically and none alone is proof of AGW. One has to do careful studies of the changes in the severity or frequency of extreme events or temperature records in order to draw rigorous conclusions.
Sometimes, scientists tend to point to such extreme events as illustrative of the effects of AGW. When there is more serious research to back up the idea that these events are or are expected to become more likely, then I think there is nothing wrong with this as long as the scientists are careful to point out that no one event can be definitively pinned on AGW.

Editor
August 15, 2008 2:23 pm

Hadley normally updates the version at http://hadobs.metoffice.com/hadcrut3/diagnostics/global/nh+sh/monthly before the 12-month-per-row version at http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/temperature/hadcrut3gl.txt
Please tell me I’m doing something wrong. The alternative is that Hadley has been GISS-iffied.
I’m comparing the June grid (12 months in a row) with the July monthly version (1 month per row). I’ve converted both to my own “internal” format where…
1850.083 = 1850/Jan
1850.167 = 1850/Feb

1850.833 = 1850/Oct
1850.917 = 1850/Nov
1851.000 = 1850/Dec (yeah, it looks weird)
There were a few minor changes to recent data going from May to June. In a paranoid mode, I ran a diff on the June dataset versus the July dataset, and noticed quite a few changes. This time they go back to 1851. The early changes (1929 and earlier) seem to be mostly cooling, and the later changes (2007 onwards) seem to be mostly warming. Is this “manmade global warming” or what? Please tell me I’m doing something wrong.
For those of you not familiar with the posix “diff” utility, entries flagged with “”.
18c18
1851.500, -0.268
465c465
1888.750, -0.256
803c803
1916.917, -0.610
888c888
1924.000, -0.072
950c950
1929.167, -0.676
1892,1894c1892,1894
< 2007.667, 0.362
< 2007.750, 0.410
2007.667, 0.370
> 2007.750, 0.412
> 2007.833, 0.370
1896,1897c1896,1897
< 2008.000, 0.212
2008.000, 0.220
> 2008.083, 0.050
1900c1900
2008.333, 0.267
1902c1902,1903
2008.500, 0.312
> 2008.583, 0.403

Editor
August 15, 2008 2:28 pm

Gack!! WordPress seems to have treaded the angle brackets as HTML controls, and totally screwed up my post. Here is the data again, using “remove” and “insert” instead of angle brackets. Webboards suck. Bring back usenet.
18c18
remove 1851.500, -0.269

insert 1851.500, -0.268
465c465
remove 1888.750, -0.255

insert 1888.750, -0.256
803c803
remove 1916.917, -0.609

insert 1916.917, -0.610
888c888
remove 1924.000, -0.071

insert 1924.000, -0.072
950c950
remove 1929.167, -0.675

insert 1929.167, -0.676
1892,1894c1892,1894
remove 2007.667, 0.362
remove 2007.750, 0.410
remove 2007.833, 0.367

insert 2007.667, 0.370
insert 2007.750, 0.412
insert 2007.833, 0.370
1896,1897c1896,1897
remove 2008.000, 0.212
remove 2008.083, 0.054

insert 2008.000, 0.220
insert 2008.083, 0.050
1900c1900
remove 2008.333, 0.254

insert 2008.333, 0.267
1902c1902,1903
remove 2008.500, 0.314

insert 2008.500, 0.312
insert 2008.583, 0.403

old construction worker
August 15, 2008 3:13 pm

Joel Shore (14:10:39)
‘Sometimes, scientists tend to point to such extreme events as illustrative of the effects of AGW. When there is more serious research to back up the idea that these events are or are expected to become more likely,’
More likely than what? Bigger storms bigger drought since the CO2 drives the climate theory began than in all the history of mankind? There have not been enough hands on studies to use the term more likely, but yet you believe in forecasting models without using forecasting principles.

Jared
August 15, 2008 3:54 pm

Joel Shore…
There should be scientific reason for “decadal variation”. What conditions changed that would cause the temperature trend to turn flat for this long, after rising steadily for 20 years? “Noise” or “decadal variation” offers no real explanation.

Jared
August 15, 2008 3:58 pm

In addition, Joel, you cannot claim that decade long absences of global warming were expected by the AGW community. Looking at statements by NASA, the IPCC and others, it is clear that they have expected the warming to continue.
This is why GISS/NASA predicted that if an El Nino formed in 2006 or 2007, a new global temperature record surpassing 1998 would likely be set. The El Nino formed, but no new temperature record. Not even close, according to most metrics. In addition, the 2007 IPCC report predicted that half of the years between 2009 and 2015 would exceed 1998’s temperatures.

glen martin
August 15, 2008 4:19 pm

Do my eyes deceive me or did the stratospheric cooling stop 10 years ago?

RobJM
August 15, 2008 5:05 pm

It can clearly be seen that the volcanos are responsible for the temp drop in the stratosphere, so what is the mechanism. Is it possible that the SO2 acts as a nucleation centre causing an loss of water vapor from the stratosphere? Could volcanoes cause short term cooling but long term heating at the surface due to an increase in short wave caused by a decrease in clouds? I did read that the observed cloud decrease has resulted in an extra 6w/m2 reach earths surface, compared to all of 2.4w/m2 for CO2 doubling.
Cheers

Editor
August 15, 2008 6:40 pm

counters (11:28:47):

However, this analogy (or “model”) let’s us also clear up a common misconception about the anticipated 10 year “flat-line” of the AGW trend. It has been estimated that we will enter a strong phase of hte PDO oscillation, which will essentially mitigate a rapid upward trend in temperature for a short while. What does this mean on our signal-graph analogy?

Hmm. Over the last ten years the PDO was negative for the first several years, then positive for several, then slid negative recently, see http://www.woodfortrees.org/plot/jisao-pdo/from:1998/mean:12
Overall, it’s about a wash, so perhaps the PDO hasn’t had much of an impact until the past year or so. The last 10 years of temperature data has been pretty flat, so I’m having trouble seeing much of an AGW signature in
http://www.woodfortrees.org/plot/jisao-pdo/from:1998/mean:12/plot/wti/from:1998/mean:12
BTW, I may have missed it, all I recall are quotes from UN personnel, what’s the rationale behind the anticipated 10 year flatline?

Brian D
August 15, 2008 6:53 pm

Being a little nostalgic here, but any old mets or vets remember using the GMD RAWIN system?(radiosonde tracking system)
When I was in the service, I used it. That was a lot of work, until they switched to the MDS system, which was computerized. “Cutting” those charts from the recorder was intense and you had to be good. If the artillery was missing its target, they would call “bad met”, and you’d better have your ducks in a row when you evaluated the chart, and they start checking. No time the first time around to sit and make sure it was right before you sent the data to the Fire Direction Center.
Here’s some pics of the old system.
http://www.tpub.com/content/meteorology/TM-750-5-3/TM-750-5-30015.htm
http://www.tpub.com/content/meteorology/TM-750-5-3/TM-750-5-30042.htm
And before they came out with precalibrated sondes, which I used, you had to do that yourself with this.
http://www.tpub.com/content/meteorology/TM-750-5-3/TM-750-5-30019.htm
Not sure when the NWS switched to computerized system, but the Army didn’t until the late 80’s-early 90’s. And I’m sure the NWS had the time to go over their charts to make sure they evaluated them correctly.
We did have a small computer with the GMD RAWIN system that printed out messages from the chart data, azimuth, and elevation angles we had to put into it, manually. It weighted the data for the artillery and also produced AWS messages, if needed. The computer would be able to send the info, encrypted, to the FDC.
The precalibrated sondes had tags on them with info that would also get entered in the computer along with surface temp and humidity, derived from wet/dry bulb readings( the old hand whirl method, forgot the name of it) And with surface baro in MB’s.
I was also involved in balloon testing. A company was trying out different materials to get the best consistency in burst altitudes. Results really varied depending on the batch and materials used. I’ve seen them go to 100,000ft+ many times, though( artillery didn’t need those heights, but the AWS did). And windy days really sucked when trying to launch. You need a BIG field on those days for your 100yard dash. LOL Balloon trains were 50ft long(to keep the wild swinging to a minimum) and that dumb balloon didn’t want to go up as fast as it did going forward. It would pass you up, and hopefully you didn’t get caught up in the train. Balloons were 8-10 high and 4-6ft in diameter, and we used hydrogen. You had to be grounded(because of static electricity) and NO SMOKING around that thing. A few thousand degree fireball would make for a bad day. It would be like having the Sun right next to you for a second. Melt your clothes/uniform right to you, and burn your hair off. Not good. Helium was too expensive, but we did use it sometimes, which I liked. Calcium Hydride charges sunk in water when in the field.(makes hydrogen)

August 15, 2008 7:54 pm

Joel Shore:

“As has been clearly demonstrated, even individual runs of climate models that incorporate the increasing levels of CO2 show periods over which the temperature trends are essentially flat or negative.”

Translation: even a broken clock is right twice a day.

Rod Smith
August 16, 2008 8:15 am

DaveK: Yes, the temperatures reported were probably highly accurate… but were the altitudes/pressures just as accurate?
The pressures were also quite accurate even in my day. Altitudes were calculated, but I suspect (emphasis on suspect) that altitudes were not bad especially through 100mb or so.
Do they use GPS altitudes now?
Brian D: I first trained on the old Signal Corps “bedsprings” model. It was on a gun-mount affair with a sort of bicycle seat and hand cranks to train the “bedsprings” antenna. Our tracking device was a small telescope — really a bear right after launch. It was a tough job in bad weather too!
This was in what I now refer to as the “Bow and arrow” phase of our Air Force, and I worked with for years with dropsondes.

August 16, 2008 10:17 am

[…] checked Climate Audit and Watts Up… I read Anthony’s post on HadAT2 Did I actually manage to scoop […]

Brian D
August 16, 2008 11:09 am

Rod Smith
“Bow and arrow” would be appropriate for that set up. Never seen anything like that. The hardest tracking setup I dealt with was pilot balloon tracking using a theodolite. Near surface was extremely difficult to follow that darn thing. And then to do it at night with a small cluster of lights on the a short string under it was even more difficult. At some point, most everyone ended up tracking stars on a clear night when it had gotten some altitude.LOL We did have some guys that were really good at it though. It was a two man operation, with one guy tracking, and the other reading azimuth and elevation angles.

Dennis Sharp
August 16, 2008 2:09 pm

Joel Shore,
I’ve read all your replies, and I must say, I have rarely seen such arrogance. In every reply, you belittle the person you are replying to before you say “Oh, the Real Climate data already has incorporated everything that is happening, therefore I am right and AGW is the correct model”. You sound like David Hathaway who keeps extending his solar cycle 24 prediction because the sun refuses to obey his theories. David now says cycle 24 should start in March 2008 +- 6 months. Or was that +- 5 years so he can be right.
Let’s wait a year and see what reality tells us about the winter of 2009.

old construction worker
August 16, 2008 5:35 pm

Dennis Sharp (14:09:39) :
‘Let’s wait a year and see what reality tells us about the winter of 2009.’
Or you could pick up a copy of old farmers almanac, at least they are right 80% of the time.

old construction worker
August 16, 2008 6:12 pm

ric werme
‘BTW, I may have missed it, all I recall are quotes from UN personnel, what’s the rationale behind the anticipated 10 year flatline?’
I remember that. They announced that aerosols was to blame for masking CO2 warming, except studies showed aerosols can warm as well as cool. According to the models, the cooling was to end in 2009.

Joel Shore
August 16, 2008 6:17 pm

Dennis Sharp says: “I’ve read all your replies, and I must say, I have rarely seen such arrogance.”
Dennis, I apologize if I sometimes come across as arrogant. However, I would ask you to consider who is truly more arrogant: (1) a person with little training or research background in a field who thinks that he or she knows more about a subject than most of the scientists who have spent years training and then researching these issues OR (2) a person who suggests that these scientists may actually know more than you do and tries to explain the ways in which you are deceiving yourself.

Mike Bryant
August 16, 2008 6:25 pm

I think I finally figured out this whole global warming thing. We caused it because we have been really, really bad. And when we start seeing evidence of it, we will all be very, very sorry that we didn’t believe in it, and change our evil ways. Of course, when it does comes back, it will be too late for us to be saved.
Waiting in dread of the second coming of AGW,
Mike Bryant
PS I think I’ve been fed this line before.

Joel Shore
August 16, 2008 6:33 pm

Jared says: “There should be scientific reason for ‘decadal variation’. What conditions changed that would cause the temperature trend to turn flat for this long, after rising steadily for 20 years? ‘Noise’ or ‘decadal variation’ offers no real explanation.”
Jared, first of all, the temperature rise had not been “steady” when you look at it over timescales of several years…It is only when looked at over a sufficiently large time that the trend clearly emerges from the noise. (See, for example, the HADCRUT record here http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/info/warming/ ) Second, whether the trend has been flat for the last several years or not depends strongly on which temperature record one looks at and the exact number of years one looks over…further evidence of how trends over time periods of less than about 10 – 15 years can vary quite a bit.
Jared says: “In addition, Joel, you cannot claim that decade long absences of global warming were expected by the AGW community. Looking at statements by NASA, the IPCC and others, it is clear that they have expected the warming to continue.”
Again, that expectation is that the warming would continue when looked at over a long enough time period. As I have noted, the models that they are basing their predictions on clearly show large variations in shorter periods.
Jared says: “This is why GISS/NASA predicted that if an El Nino formed in 2006 or 2007, a new global temperature record surpassing 1998 would likely be set. The El Nino formed, but no new temperature record. Not even close, according to most metrics.”
Actually, the NASA GISS data itself does show that there was a new global temperature record, so by their own metric it was. HADCRUT and the satellites (which measure a somewhat different thing) do not show it to be a new record…but it was second in those records only to 1998.
Jared says: “In addition, the 2007 IPCC report predicted that half of the years between 2009 and 2015 would exceed 1998’s temperatures.”
Where in the IPCC report does it say this? (I am not saying it doesn’t, it well may…but I remember this as being a specific prediction made in one recent paper by the Hadley group.) At any rate, since we are still in 2008, I would say that we know very little about whether this prediction will turn out to be correct or not.

randomengineer
August 16, 2008 10:53 pm

counters — “HOwever, this analogy (or “model”) let’s us also clear up a common misconception about the anticipated 10 year “flat-line” of the AGW trend.”
Not exactly. The model is merely an observation of what’s perceived as being past temperatures and then doing the software equivalent of casting goat entrails to peer into the future, except with scientific sounding terminology.
Temps have warmed since the LIA. Past reconstructions of temperature show quick ups and downs (unless of course you perceive MBH99 as scientific, which makes you religious, not scientific.) These are seen as normal variation. There is nothing in the current rise of tems in the past 150 years to suggest that mankind is solely to blame for these. In fact, the work of Mr Watts et al tell us that the temp record is likely to be incorrect/improper/biased. Not by an evil Dr. Hansen, either; most of this is likely to be poorly understood effects based on land use.
In truth nobody knows what the “average” global temperature ought to be nor what this was. GCM’s meanwhile are a poor tool. They are designed solely to model the effects of CO2 based on a myriad of SWAGs (assumptions) and unsurprisingly after a churning for days at petaflop speed they spit a result out that looks suspiciously similar to a linear trend based on fundamental GHG equations. This trend has an increasing first sigma error capability such that after 15 years the signal itself has no meaning. Then of course if the “strong PDO phase” kicks in and the temps later show up not as predicted (e.g. lower) but within the absurd first sigma range (error bars) then it’s pronounced as successful.
And then of course we have the fact that neither the IPCC nor anyone else can give a straight and reliable answer to how long CO2 lives in the atmosphere. There are “estimates” which are merely more SWAGs, which seem to pile up aftar a while. For example the SWAGs of days gone by were explicit that the poles ought to be warming more than the rest of the globe. The south pole didn’t play right. It’s cooling. GCM’s were “updated” (different entrail mix, apparently) to make the model fit that particular data. Then, of course, the modelers claimed that the southern cooling was predicted all along. People like you regurgitate the line by claiming that “the science has moved on and improved.” Nonsense. The science was caught with its panties around its ankles so was recast with the claim that the real culprit was that there was a pentaflop shortage. “We have more horsepower now, so we can better model!” More nonsense, this time on the level of claiming that a Corvette really isn’t a rolling overpriced POS and is worth buying because it has more horsepower. It solves all. Rubbish! Brute force isn’t the problem and isn’t the answer. In the world of software this has never been the case. We use brute force only to save coding time.
That leaves us with the following —
Your analogy is utterly devoid of meaning because neither the GCM nor the best of SWAGs nor the IPCC nor the rest of the entire movement can possibly tell you that the last 100 years isn’t perfectly natural.

Sydney iceman
August 17, 2008 7:11 am

Re cold outbreak in Australia. I live in the norther suburbs of Sydney and as I type it’s about 4C outside and it will get down to < 1C by morning, and just as it did today the temperature will rise again tomorrow to about 14C (57F) under clear skies and without much wind. This isn’t really very cold by North American standards but this is definitely below average for the Sydney region in late winter and it’s been pretty much this way since the start of July. Actually some days have struggled to exceed double figures.
Today there was an avalanche in the Snowy Mts and a person unfortunately died. The cold weather has resulted in heavy snow in SE Australia and it been falling to as low as 300m (1000Ft) both here and in Victoria and down to sea level in Tasmania.
Of course none of this has anything to do with global warming or global cooling but it’s of interest because it’s been nearly 20 years since we’ve had a winter like this even though this type of winter was perfectly normal in the 1960’s and 70’s. It will be interesting to sea how the Norther Hemisphere fares in about 4 month’s time just as it will be interesting to see if next winter is also like this again here in Australia.
Whatever the cause, i’m going to take full advantage of this cold winter next weekend because I’m packing up and going cross coutry skiing for a few days in part of our alpine wilderness to the south. At the moment there’s about 2m (6ft) of virgin powder snow awaiting.

August 17, 2008 4:44 pm

Dodgy Geezer (06:57:45) :
…BBC are planning a definitive History of Climate Change programme this autumn: http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2008/07_july/10/bbctwo4.shtml#history
Do my eyes deceive me, it looks like beeb might change their tune…?
REPLY: Possibly. They contacted me about the surfacestatiosn project, and I provided several photos. I’m pretty sure they’ll be showing the picture of the rooftop USHCN weather station in Baltimore.
See it here:
http://wattsupwiththat.wordpress.com/2008/01/23/how-not-to-measure-temperature-part-48-noaa-admits-to-error-with-baltimores-rooftop-ushcn-station/

Kohl Piersen
August 17, 2008 6:32 pm

Joel-
“Well, I cannot vouch for everyone else talking about such events.”
“Sometimes, scientists tend to point to such extreme events as illustrative of the effects of AGW.”
I take this at face value. However, I do not recall that ANY such scientists, nor indeed others advocating the AGW hypothesis, corrected the impressions left by Mr Gore’s film. I do not recall that they criticised the award of a Nobel Prize to that gentleman. So much uncontradicted rubbish has been spouted on the subject that you may forgive some (less than scientific comments) from those who consider the matter as completely undecided.
I am not a scientist, but I can read. I can understand the papers and make judgements as to whether or not the methods are rigorous. I can follow the calculations, the statistics and so on. Please let’s not hear any of this “we scientists know better than you laymen” talk.
At this point in time, AGW is an unproven theory which should be open to vigorous scientific scrutiny. Since there may be important changes in the world which I inhabit consequent upon government reaction to the theory, I am afraid you will also have to put up with non-scientific scrutiny.
With others, I claim my right as a citizen to involve myself in the debate notwithstanding the greater knowledge of “experts”.
On a lighter note, I am reminded of the old definition –
‘Expert’ (pronounced ex-spurt)
‘Ex’ – a has-been ‘spurt’ – a drip under pressure.
(sorry bout that)