Data Reveal Florida Keys Sea Surface Temperatures Haven’t Warmed in 80+ Years*

*Based on the Linear Trend

Guest Post by Bob Tisdale

A new study funded by the US Geological Survey (USGS) was introduced with the USGS press release Ocean Warming Affecting Florida Reefs – Increased Temperatures Spell Trouble for Corals. The press release was included in yesterday’s post Claim: Ocean Warming Affecting Florida Reefs at WattsUpWithThat. The study compares sea surface temperatures from a century ago to recent values, see Figure 1, as measured at lighthouses in the Florida Keys, but it fails to illustrate or discuss that temperatures reached similar levels during the mid-20th Century…or the fact that sea surface temperatures for that part of the Florida Keys show no warming in 80+ years.

The paper being discussed is Kuffner et al. (2014) A Century of Ocean Warming on Florida Keys Coral Reefs: Historic In Situ Observations. My Figure 1 is their Figure 2. It shows the sea surface temperatures measured at two lighthouses in the Florida Keys during two periods: recent multidecadal periods and multidecadal periods about a century ago. There’s obviously some missing data…a lot of missing data.

Hmmm. That’s odd. Why would they fail to illustrate most of the data? Could they simply have cherry-picked two time periods—per lighthouse—so they could make alarmist claims about coral reefs? Notice how there are different periods shown for the two lighthouses. Odd.

Figure 1 - Figure 2 From Kuffner et al.

Figure 1

The warming period in the early 20th Century is missing…and so is the mid-20th Century cooling period…and so is much of the warming period in the late 20th Century.

To confirm our suspicions, let’s see what the sea surface temperature data from one of the normal sources have to say.

As we can see in the map here (Figure 1 from Kuffner et al. (2014)), those two lighthouses in the Florida Keys aren’t too far apart. NOAA’s ERSST.v3b data and the UKMO’s HADSST3 data are presented in 5-degree longitude by 5-degree latitude grids. Those are way too large for our purposes. That leaves us with the UKMO HADISST data, which are presented in 1-degree longitude by 1-degree latitude grids. In the map linked above, I’ve highlighted the coordinates of 25N-26N, 81W-80W. That’s the teeny-tiny region we’re looking at in this post. And we’ll call that teeny-tiny region the Northeast Florida Keys.

Feel free to choose one of the other sea surface temperature datasets and/or expand the grid size. The results are not going to be too different from what follows.

Let’s start with anomalies. Figure 2 illustrates the HADISST-based sea surface temperature anomalies for the Northeast Florida Keys (25N-26N, 81W-80W). There appears to be a multidecadal signal in the data. The sea surface temperatures there appear to have cooled from the 1880s to the early 20th Century, then warmed until the 1940s. Thereafter, they cooled until about 1980 and then warmed to early 2000s. In recent years, there were a number of very cool months in the Northeast Florida Keys.

Figure 2

Figure 2

I’ve smoothed the data with a 121-month running-mean filter (centered) in Figure 3 to help confirm those multidecadal variations. Oddly, Kuffner et al. (2014) didn’t bother to mention that it seems as though the sea surface temperatures of the Northeast Florida Keys may have already begun another multidecadal cooling period.

Figure 3

Figure 3

Let’s see how many decades we can go back in time and still not show any warming there. Based on the linear trend, the data for the Northeast Florida Keys reveal the sea surface temperature anomalies show no long-term warming or cooling in more than 8 decades. See Figure 4.

Figure 4

Figure 4

Yet, somehow, we’re supposed to believe manmade greenhouse gases are causing harm to the coral in recent years.

Further to this, Kuffner et al. (2014) focused on August, which is the warmest month of the annual cycle in sea surface temperatures for the Northeast Florida Keys. And they listed sea surface temperatures (thresholds) that were stressful (29 deg C) and very stressful (30 deg C) to the corals. Curiously, the Kuffner et al. (2014) Figure 2 (my Figure 1) shows that sea surface temperatures are above the 29 deg C stress threshold nearly every year, even back in the late 1800s. It even showed that there were occasional excursions above the 30 deg C very-stressful threshold in the early data.

My Figure 5 presents the HADISST-based August sea surface temperatures for the Northeast Florida Keys. It confirms that coral have had to deal with sea surface temperatures that are said to be stressful almost each and every year, and that sea surface temperatures regularly reached and exceeded levels that are said to be very stressful in the 1940s, 50s and 60s…and, if the early data are believable, on occasion, they were above very stressful levels in the late 1800s and early 1900s.

Figure 5

Figure 5

Why do I have the funny feeling that, in the not too distant future, Secretary of State Kerry and President Obama will be claiming manmade global warming hurts baby corals in the Florida Keys?

SOURCE

Data presented in this post are available through the KNMI Climate Explorer.

 

 

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Latitude
September 11, 2014 6:57 am

Bob, thanks so much for doing this….
…mind if I forward it now?

Greg
Reply to  Latitude
September 11, 2014 7:51 am

Easy on the excitement and the rants folks, I think Bob may have made blooper getting the data. Wait for a bit of peer review before you start shouting too loud.

Owen in GA
Reply to  Greg
September 11, 2014 9:01 am

Greg,
If you think he made a blooper, state your case. Do part of the peer review. Drive by trolling is a nuisance.

Greg
Reply to  Greg
September 11, 2014 9:16 am

It was not “drive by ” I’d already checked the data and plotted and posted a full comment below. I put this at the head with the hope that it would stop people sounding off with the usual smart, sarcastic comments without checking.
Of no avail.
Now I’ve had time to write it up, I’ve also posted what the data does look like and with a less distorting filter than the crappy running mean.
[Graph removed at Greg’s request. He used the wrong coordinates.]
Again, see my comments below for more detail.

Greg Goodman
Reply to  Greg
September 11, 2014 9:18 am

Anthony, you may like to get Bob to check his data. This is a pretty damning article and may be mistaken.

Greg Goodman
Reply to  Greg
September 11, 2014 9:37 am

Crap, no, it’s my mistake. Apparently I’d keyed in -81E but “80” E without the negative.
KNMI returns a file name with a “minus” added in to indicate “to” so I didn’t see the error when I checked back.
ihadisst1_-81-80E_25-26N_n.txt
Apologies to Bob.

Greg Goodman
Reply to  Greg
September 11, 2014 9:43 am

MODS, I’ve removed the erroneous graph from my WP to stop it propagating further, so you may like to remove the links in my posts below.
[The erroneous graphs were removed with the note [Graph removed at Greg’s request. He used the wrong coordinates.] Bob Tisdale

Editor
Reply to  Greg
September 11, 2014 2:59 pm

Interesting set of comments from Greg Goodman (presumably also “Greg”):
I think Bob may have made blooper
Wait for a bit of peer review
Crap, no, it’s my mistake
To my mind, that follows proper scientific process – and kudos to Greg, that last statement is never an easy one to make. If only certain others would do the same…

September 11, 2014 6:58 am

Every one of these Alarmist reports which can be easily debunked and/or shown to be blatant cherry picking reminds me of a funny show on Animal planet “Finding Bigfoot”. They become more convinced that Sasquatch exists every week , they spend millions of dollars looking for proof, yet they never produce any credible scientific evidence. Bigfoot and Global Warming follow the same belief system.

latecommer2014
Reply to  davetherealist
September 11, 2014 7:16 am

Finding Bigfoot is much more fun though, ” listen, I heard a howl”

Paul
Reply to  latecommer2014
September 11, 2014 7:26 am

” listen, I heard a howl”
And you don’t hear howls from the Warmists?

DrTorch
September 11, 2014 7:00 am

Why would any journal publish such a paper with those big gaps of data missing?

Reply to  DrTorch
September 14, 2014 2:54 pm

Because: AGENDA

Chuck L
September 11, 2014 7:00 am

It is appalling that crap studies like this pass peer-review and get published.

pablo an ex pat
September 11, 2014 7:00 am

Is there any study out there not cherry picking data to prove a predetermined point ?
Believe none of what you hear and only half of what you see : Benjamin Franklin

Ralph Kramden
September 11, 2014 7:27 am

Good job Bob. Definitely exposes the “Ocean Warming Affecting Florida Reefs” study for what it is, a load of cr@p. But they will probably still get a government grant.

Reply to  Ralph Kramden
September 11, 2014 7:36 am

“But they will probably get ANOTHER government grant.”
There…fixed it for ya 🙂
Jim

Taphonomic
Reply to  jimmaine
September 11, 2014 9:07 am

The two lead authors, Kuffner and Lidz, don’t need government grants. They work for the USGS and are already funded by the taxpayer’s dime.

Resourceguy
September 11, 2014 7:28 am

No federal agency is immune from global warming—–the message directive that is.

September 11, 2014 7:31 am

Wow! Just wow!
Are they really being this blatant?

The other Ren
September 11, 2014 7:38 am

After this article, it’s time to bring in the homogenization filters. Obviously the data can’t be correct.
Can someone persuade the Miami Herald to run this article? I’m sure Bob would give his permission.
Quite frankly if this was presented as an essay for a journalism class in the 1950’s, it would have gotten an A+. It is short, very understandable and well documented.
This year Bob would have been expelled from school for this.

Dire Wolf
September 11, 2014 7:39 am

I am amazed at the utter ham-handedness of the attempt to hide falsifying data. To create graphs screaming to be investigated… it boggles my mind.
Thank you Bob for this concise and devastating critique. Sadly (as my wife constantly points out) it is the study, not the critique, that will make it to the mainstream media.
There used to be a concept of honor and shame in science. Someone caught falsifying or grossly manipulating data would have been shunned in a past age. I wonder how or if we can ever bring that back. Still, thank you for fighting the good fight.

September 11, 2014 7:43 am

Not that I quarrel with the questions regarding cherry picking of dates of temperature records at two lighthouses…
But is HADISST at 1×1 deg gridding for the period 1870 to 1980 to be given any credibility at all? It is a figment of imagination via some computer gridding Al-Gore-ithm (h/t Pamela Grey) to support some other contention.
OK, I guess there is nothing wrong with using one government agency’s pack of fibs to contest the claims of another government agency’s fibs.
Where is the raw data from those lighthouses?

Reply to  Stephen Rasey
September 11, 2014 7:50 am

I forgot to mention the increasing variance in later time periods (heteroscedasticity) of the HADISST is a big red flag that the early parts of the record are woefully undersampled and the missing data * fabricated * by some other AlGoreIthm.

Reply to  Stephen Rasey
September 11, 2014 9:05 am

Have a look at
National Data Bouy Center – Station FWYF1,
at http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/station_page.php?station=fwyf1

Greg
September 11, 2014 7:44 am

Bob, can I suggest you check out that data again. I went to the same source and the end of their automatic plot does not look like yours. I downloaded the data an plotted it and it does not look like yours.
It seems roughly like the general global record except that there’s the double dump in the middle.
The difference between pre-1990 and the last few years is less than 0.6 deg C so there is something to be looked at but you do have a problem with your data.
Did you put -81 to -80 E into climexp ?? If you put -80 to -81 you went all the way around !.
BTW , get beyond running means it grossly distorts, try successive 121,90 and 68 running means instead of the simple 121 mo you did.
I’ll check back later, but I think there’s a blooper here.
Regards, Greg.

Owen in GA
Reply to  Greg
September 11, 2014 9:04 am

Greg,
Thanks, I apologize for my earlier comment. I see you have done the peer review work. mea culpa

David A
Reply to  Bob Tisdale
September 12, 2014 5:14 am

Peter, the data set used by Bob matches the data set used in the study. So Bob’s graph cherry picked to those dates, would have agreed with the report, not contradicted it. (savy?)
Surface T is in general a good indicator of water anomalies at common coral depth. As the two different sets match for the time periods in the study, your objection is without merit.

David A
Reply to  Bob Tisdale
September 12, 2014 5:22 am

Also Peter, did you read the abstract? “The magnitude of warming revealed here is similar to
that found in other SST datasets from the region and to that
observed in global mean surface temperature”

David A
Reply to  Bob Tisdale
September 13, 2014 4:21 am

Peter asks, “And why does Bob throw this stuff around re 19th century data gaps at the two light houses”
Because the paper is based o…
“The new analysis compares water temperatures during two time periods a century apart at two of Florida’s historic offshore lighthouses – Fowey Rocks Lighthouse, off Miami, and Carysfort Reef Lighthouse, off Key Largo, Florida. The first period included data from 1879 to 1912, while the second period spanned from 1991 to 2012. Temperatures at a third area, a reef off Islamorada, Florida, were also monitored from 1975 to 2007.”
So Peter, does it matter what is in the supplemental if their conclusions are based on these two periods only? What did you find in the supplemental? Did the missing SST pattern follow the 1 degree grids that Bob used, as the two periods in question did?

David A
Reply to  Bob Tisdale
September 13, 2014 5:22 am

Peter, further, looking at the supplemental, they only cover the dates mentioned by Bob, so not certain of your point.
Curiously I noticed the following..
Data Set 1… January 1 1879 to 12-31-1912 Fowey Rocks Lighthouse, off Miami, and Carysfort Reef Lighthouse, off Key Largo, Florida. The first period included data from 1879 to 1912, Online Resource 1: Electronic spreadsheet (Microsoft Excel file) of ocean temperature data collected by lighthouse keepers in the Florida Keys from tables published in Vaughan
(Info on T reading method and water depth of sensor???)
Data Set two 1975 to 2007 record appears to be missing the first 27 days of January, a cold month? Electronic spreadsheet (Microsoft Excel file) of underwater temperature data collected by J. H. Hudson and J. S. Anderson from a selection of sites in the Florida Keys. (XLSX 598 kb)
(Water depth reading of four meters at Hens & Chickens Reefs co 25 degrees 56.0 N / 80 degrees 35.5 W )
Data set three…1991 to 2007 (Begins August 1st 1991, so missing first 8 months) Online Resource 3: Electronic spreadsheet (Microsoft Excel file) of ocean temperature data compiled from the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) observation site at Fowey Rocks Lighthouse
(water depth reading one meter below the surface)
So questions. The authors use three different locations, at three different water depths for the sensors, with different methodologies of arriving at daily means and partial years missing from two of the data sets. ( All I can say is good luck with arriving at accurate comparisons)

David A
Reply to  Bob Tisdale
September 13, 2014 5:25 am

…and looking at the Old records, there is data missing at the light houses.

Russ R.
September 11, 2014 7:46 am

Cherries Flambe for the Kool-aid drinkers. The title of the press release is all that matters to the true-believers. Any data that is included, is just further proof, of what they already know.

tom s
September 11, 2014 7:47 am

I emailed the authors asking the questions you pose here. I won’t hold my breath.

richard
September 11, 2014 7:48 am

Al Gore must curse the day he invented the internet. Another day , another kicking for an alarmist claim.

Gary
September 11, 2014 7:53 am

I am sure frequency of hurricanes has no affect on these results.

September 11, 2014 7:57 am

Interestingly, the unusually cold snap in Q1 2010 drove Gulf water temperatures off of Sarasota to 51 degrees F, causing death from hypothermia to large numbers of fish. The same cold snap damaged coral reefs on the gulf side of the keyes. That doesn’t seem to get discussed.

Reply to  Murray Duffin
September 11, 2014 9:09 am

Among other inconvenient truths.

Paul Linsay
September 11, 2014 8:01 am

Bob,
Can you please NOT smooth the data when creating your plots? There’s a ton of information in all the fluctuations that gets lost by smoothing (which is a terrible filter by the way).
Thanks

Chris4692
Reply to  Paul Linsay
September 11, 2014 9:05 am

If you don’t like smoothing, don’t look at it. Mr Tisdale put it in a separate figure you can disregard if you want. To me the smoothing helps to visualize what’s going on in all those fluctuations.

paullinsay
Reply to  Chris4692
September 11, 2014 9:46 am

In the absence of error bars on the measurements, which is a hallmark of climate data, the fluctuations are all you have to judge whether there is a genuine trend or just random noise. Frankly, I have a hard time believing that the data in Figure 2 was measured to 0.01 C or even 0.1 C.
Smoothing random noise will also produce trends. Try it, create a time series by generating a few thousand random numbers uniformly distributed between -1 and 1 and smooth the series. You’re guaranteed to see all sorts of trends, just like smoothed climate data.

paullinsay
Reply to  Bob Tisdale
September 11, 2014 9:53 am

Bob, please see my reply above to Chris4692. Frankly, there is never any justification for smoothing data, or even drawing a curve through it, unless you have a theory that predicts what the data should do and you are doing a comparison. Just a grumpy old physicist sounding off about how climate science ruins scientific morals, among other things.

Charlie A
September 11, 2014 8:04 am

Did the authors of the paper explain why they picked just those periods to analyze?
Did they claim the data was unavailable?

murrayv
September 11, 2014 8:10 am

I just went back and reviewed the paper quickly. I suspect the authors are seeing the impact of the 2010 cold snap and blaming it on warming.

phlogiston
September 11, 2014 8:12 am

“What’s interesting is that the temperature increase observed during this recent 32-year period was as large as that measured at the lighthouses spanning 120 years,” said Kuffner. “This makes it likely the warming observed at the lighthouses has actually occurred since the 1970s.”
Porky #1
the temperature increase observed during this recent 32-year period was as large as that measured at the lighthouses spanning 120 years
There is no warming over 120 years.
Porky #2
the warming observed at the lighthouses has actually occurred since the 1970s
Twice the warming occurred from 1905-1945 (40 years) than occurred from 1980-200 (20 years). In both periods warming was at the same rate.

September 11, 2014 8:33 am

” temperatures that are said to be stressful”
————————-
Has anyone shown what temperatures are good for corals and which are not, rather than just making it up?

September 11, 2014 8:34 am

Thanks, Bob. A very clear presentation of your powerful rebuttal of Kuffner et al. (2014).
I live very near to the Fowey Rocks site and watch the NWS-NOAA temperatures at http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/goes/east/wfo/mfl/flash-rb.html
The readings seem to be consistently too high but normal in the local climatology.
Same thing appears to happen with the air temperatures; it feels colder than the figures from the NWS-NOAA, WeatherBug and Intellicast. My personal thermometer agrees with my feelings, not the published figures.
Maybe it is too shaded and protected from the wind?

September 11, 2014 8:39 am

NWS-NOAA sea surface temperatures at the linked page.

September 11, 2014 8:55 am

What effect does the many various canals built in the everglades over the years have on the supposed temperature change?

Reply to  usurbrain
September 11, 2014 9:18 am

Water from the very shallow but extensive Everglades always gets warmer from the Sun.
Some say that clouds warm what’s beneath them, in Florida it seems like it’s the opposite way. Wonderful shade they bring!

dp
September 11, 2014 9:03 am

I’m not sure the average temperature is very important to the denizens of the area if non-averaged variations in temperature last longer that the life cycle of said denizen. Three seasons of unusual warming or cooling is several lifetimes for a lot of critters. It would be more accurate to show that any variations, natural or otherwise were not likely to cause harm to the prevailing lifeforms over the last 80 years. Looking at the graph I’m not now convinced that can be shown.

Greg
September 11, 2014 9:10 am

Don’t know what Bob did to get his data but this is what I get from the same source for the coordinates he indicated.
[Graph removed at Greg’s request. He used the wrong coordinates.]
There is a change of about 0.6 degrees. Whether this contradics the paper’s result which was from spot temperatures at single sites , presumably in rather shallow water, would need further examination.
However, it would appear that Bob’s conclusions and his “no warming in 80 years” claim is spurious and may be due to an error downloading the data.
That takes the wind of most of the kneejerk smart comments posted above.
Maybe in this case a bit of “peer review” of Bob’s work would have been in order.

Reply to  Greg
September 11, 2014 9:35 am

Greg
Bob uses a centred filter not a running one. So it keeps information without adding phase. Do you do the same?

Greg Goodman
Reply to  mickyhcorbett75
September 11, 2014 10:11 am

Micky, yes my filter is simply three running means run one after the other. Centred to the nearest month, as Bob’s is.
Running mean indicates the mean is shifted alone one data point each time and it not a true mean which would reduce the number of points.
Economists, for reasons best known to themselves, like introduce a phase shift into their data by logging results as the last date used, instead of taking the mean x coordinate to go with the mean y value.

Reply to  mickyhcorbett75
September 11, 2014 10:18 am

Ah that kind of centred. Okay fair enough.

John Rice
Reply to  Greg
September 11, 2014 9:40 am

Bob mentions 25n to 26n in his text, but his graphs say 24n to 25n.

Ben92
Reply to  Greg
September 11, 2014 9:47 am

So in the end, Greg clearly shows SSTs rising on a larger (global) scale. Bob, a genius in cherry-picking data, smoothing, and drawing flat regression lines, claims to refute the USGS study by analysing a different data set and in a different way than the original authors did. In Bob’s data, I see both more extreme highs and lows, which would also pose a threat to coral.
===============================================
[Question: So which is it, “Ben92”? Are you Ben92? Or Barlum? Or Benson? Or Ben M? Or Barry? Please pick one screen name and use it exclusively, per site Policy. ~mod.]

David A
Reply to  Ben92
September 11, 2014 12:27 pm

BBBen whoever, have you apologized yet?

Reply to  Ben92
September 12, 2014 12:54 am

Oh, Ben92, refer to Greg Goodman’s commet September 11, 2014 at 9:58 am.
What’s that egg or bird shyte all over your trolling face? Mmm, not egg!

Greg Goodman
Reply to  Greg
September 11, 2014 9:58 am

Blooper was mine, confusion arose because KNMI uses hyphen to indicate “to” as well a negative lat/long in file names. My bad.
Here’s what it should look like. Not too different from Bob’s except for the less distorting 121mo filter.
http://climategrog.files.wordpress.com/2014/09/floridakeys1.png?w=800
http://climategrog.wordpress.com/?attachment_id=1009
In fact SST was very stable ( as is typical for the tropics ) and was not detectably higher around 2000 than it was is 1880. So I think Bob could extend his “no warming” right back to the beginning of the record.

Steve R
Reply to  Greg
September 11, 2014 11:45 am

That doesn’t look warm enough for Florida Keys.

larrygeary
September 11, 2014 9:23 am

Pending evidence to the contrary, I simply do not believe that Ye Olde Random Lighthouse was equipped with laboratory grade calibrated thermometers capable of accurately recording to 0.01C from the late 1800’s.

Patrick B
Reply to  larrygeary
September 11, 2014 9:40 am

This is my primary argument against all of the climate work. The data is so unreliable that if any of them did honest error analysis, the error bars would prevent making any conclusions pro or con.

Greg Goodman
Reply to  larrygeary
September 11, 2014 10:01 am

If the difference was the other way this would have been “homogenised” out.
simple bias confirmation in action here IMO. We “know” temperatures are rising so why would anyone question any difference in the broken segments of the records.

Greg Goodman
Reply to  Bob Tisdale
September 11, 2014 10:22 am

Yes my bad, see above.
Could you remove the incorrect graphs linked from my posts to stop the error propagating.
I’ve deleted them on my WP blog but WP never forgets. It says you can delete a file but it does not remove it !
Next thing this now anonymous, broken graph will be turning up in google image results and get used by warmists !!

September 11, 2014 10:05 am

Having personally made many temperature readings in the Keys, I can certify that atmospheric radiation (clouds) does not warm the ocean surface.
Anyone or any organization claiming that Atmosopheric radiation (CO2 or H2O) warms the ocean is either lying or completely ignorant.

Sun Spot
September 11, 2014 10:05 am

Did the US Geological Survey (USGS) and their reviewers make the same mistake Greg did ?

Greg Goodman
Reply to  Sun Spot
September 11, 2014 10:36 am

How could they have. They were using two individual lighthouse records, not KNMI.
Their mistake was bias confirmation. They used two separate records from each site well spread in time without questioning whether they were compatible instruments.
Most data with breaks in it gets homogenised to hell….. unless it shows “unprecedented” warming.

DD More
September 11, 2014 10:05 am

I believe coral may be a little tougher and these worries are idiotic.
From http://www.bikiniatoll.com/BIKINICORALS.pdf

In the northern atolls of the Marshall Islands, 23 nuclear tests with a total yield of 76.3 megatons (TNT equivalent) were conducted across seven test sites located either on the reef, on the sea, in the air and underwater between 1946 and 1958. Five craters were created, the deepest being the Bravo crater at 73 m depth (Noshkin et al., 1997a) (Figs. 2, 3). Post-test descriptions of environmental impacts include: surface seawater temperatures raised by 55,000 C after air-borne tests; blast waves with speeds of up to 8 m/s; and shock and surface waves up to 30 m high with blast columns reaching the floor of the lagoon (approximately 70 m depth)

The results of our nuclear war on coral. A total of 183 scleractinian coral species was recorded, compared to 126 species recorded in the pre-bomb study.
There are more species now than then.
And from http://www.co2science.org/articles/V15/N7/EDIT.php

And in reporting the results of a study of a large brain coral that lived throughout the 17th century on the shallow seafloor off the island of Bermuda, Cohen and Madin (2007) say that although seawater temperatures at that time and location were about 1.5°C colder than it is there today, “the coral grew faster than the corals there now.”
Other studies have shown earth’s corals to be able to cope with climate-induced warmings as well as coolings. In a study of patch reefs of the Florida Keys, for example, Greenstein et al. (1998) found that Acropora cervicornis corals exhibited “long-term persistence” during both “Pleistocene and Holocene time,” the former of which periods exhibited climatic changes of large magnitude, some with significantly greater warmth than currently prevails on earth; and these climate changes had almost no effect on this long-term dominant of Caribbean coral reefs. Hence, there is good reason to not be too concerned about long-term changes in climate possibly harming earth’s corals. They apparently have the ability to handle whatever nature may throw at them in this regard.

An unofficial spokesman for the Allied Coral Species Association is thought to have stated – We have survived nuclear war, climate temperature changes of over 10 degrees, planetary magnetic shifts and plate tectonics for over 400 million years. We are personally more worried about you.

Reply to  DD More
September 11, 2014 10:29 am

DD, I think that almost every species living now is very tough (specially the very old ones), but there is a way thinking about nature that is opposite; they see fragility and tipping points everywhere.
By the way, I think I’ve seen the corals mulling about this at night, when the polyps come out to feed. We seem to be so frantic in their sensors.

Greg Goodman
Reply to  Bob Tisdale
September 11, 2014 10:31 am

Thanks Bob, I’ll mark that as an example of why never to trust a filter that does not have a defined response. Just look at what it does with the beginning of the data , complete BS. Where did that rise come from. No hint of it in the data.
Give that to a warmist and he’ll use it prove the area has been warming
I’ve always mistrusted Lowess data mangling but that is a a clear demonstration of my worst fears. In fact “it’s worse than we thought” TM.

Tim Obrien
September 11, 2014 10:36 am

I doubt those lighthouses could measure less than 1C until recently, putting all those fluctuations down in the noise…

MikeUK
September 11, 2014 11:04 am

Well done Bob, must be worth a letter for publication in the journal, if you’re that way inclined.

Tom O
September 11, 2014 11:05 am

I graduated from high school in 1962 and prompt fizzled in college in 62-63. After trying to figure out if I really was that stupid, I was drafted, spent 2 years in the Army and decided to try college again in 1968. I took the same course that I flubbed in 62-3 – entry courses for the tech college I was going to – and found that the high school text books my high school science teacher had given me when I graduated – they were samples that the school wasn’t’ going to use – were better sources of information than the college texts that I had to buy for my classes. That was a 6 year span, and college had “degraded” to the level of my high school classes that hadn’t prepared me for the rigorous curriculum that was offered in my first try at college. Education has, as we all know, gotten far worse since then.
All this for the singular purpose of saying that today, you don’t have to be concerned about Joe Public understanding whether or not you cherry picked data or made it up with a “model” that you created because he has nothing to base judgment on. He has the basic belief that scientists work for the good of humanity, thus has implicit trust in what is fed him by them, relying on the media to really point up the stuff that is wrong. Thus Joe Public automatically is expected to accept whatever “peer reviewed BS” is placed in the public domain, and since he relies on the media to yeah or nay it, when they only attack those that point out the flaws in the reports, understandably, Joe Public becomes more entrenched in believing that the reports are honest.
Yes, Joe Public IS starting to wonder since he is seeing his quality of life going in the toilet and the expenses of living going up. but he blames it on Russia and Iran and anyplace else that the media points their finger at, not at the fact that he is being fed horse manure and its being vouched for by the press. If enough of the coal generators are shut down and the weather is bad enough come winter, he will wonder what in hell is going on, and by then the press will be saying that the Russians have turned off the gas and it will never be explained to Joe Public that the Europeans are hurt by that, and that is not the reason we don’t have electricity, so Joe Public will still believe since he knows that the Russians are bad and that extreme weather of all types are caused by “global warming,” including record -50 degree temperatures and 8 feet of snow.
I once said to myself, if I was going to invest millions of dollars in building an industrial facility, where would I build it? Would I build it here in America where the workforce may not have the educational background needed to run a sophisticated operation, or would I go to a foreign country where the people are educated? I think most companies would go overseas.

CaligulaJones
Reply to  Tom O
September 11, 2014 12:40 pm

Here in Ontario, Canada, there was a bit of a kerfluffle when it was discovered our third graders were falling behind in math.
Turns out that most of the third grade teachers aren’t qualified to actually teach math, rooted as they are in the liberal arts…

Mac the Knife
September 11, 2014 11:15 am

Excellent analysis, Bob!
A bit off topic, but in the heartland states of South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana, it is snowing today. Rapid City South Dakota today had the earliest seasonal snowfall since 1888. The Black Hills received 8 inches of snow.
http://www.argusleader.com/story/news/crime/2014/09/11/inches-possible-black-hills/15434275/

September 11, 2014 11:17 am

Nice to have the gov. that is pushing this climate change fraud has our tax money showing U.S. all the real deal.
http://www.webcambiglook.com/nationalparks.shtml
So much snow so early. Looks like Mt. Rushmore too.

September 11, 2014 11:28 am

tste

Bill Illis
September 11, 2014 11:37 am

This study shows the Florida Keys light house stations had cooling sea surface temperatures up to 2005.
http://marine.rutgers.edu/dmcs/ms606/2009-spring/Shearman_Lentz_JPO_2010.pdf

Veritas
Reply to  Bill Illis
September 11, 2014 12:55 pm

There you go again, letting facts get in the way of a good AGW story.

September 11, 2014 11:44 am

This was/is most valuable. Greg and Bob had a difference and it looks like Bob was correct. We should, as sceptics, be proud of what happened here and not dump on “the Loser.” How many of us are mistake-free? This, thanks to AW, was a very good day and we should encourage scepticism rather than any vestige of man-bites-dog.

Frank K.
Reply to  Geoff Gubb
September 11, 2014 12:12 pm

I agree. In fact, if Greg had found a legitimate problem with Bob’s data, I am very glad he would have taken the time and effort to bring to his attention. That’s how science works. Bravo.

Dire Wolf
Reply to  Geoff Gubb
September 11, 2014 1:31 pm

Geoff, yes, exactly. Seeing scientific investigation in action with disagreements and working through to prove the data and demand accuracy is a joy. Bravo to these two men and to Anthony who makes this forum possible.

September 11, 2014 1:01 pm

Bob, Greg, mayhaps you two should work together?

TYoke
Reply to  Otter (ClimateOtter on Twitter)
September 11, 2014 9:32 pm

I actually thought their back and forth was a textbook case of how science ought to be done.

Eugene WR Gallun
September 11, 2014 2:17 pm

I would like to thank both Bob Tisdale and Greg Goodman.
The old Greek philosophers presented their arguments to an audience of other philosophers. After the presentation it was the job of the audience to try to disprove the arguments made. The presenters were closely questioned.and competing ideas presented. That was the origins of “peer review”
Glad to see true peer review has made a comeback.
.

Pamela Gray
September 11, 2014 7:03 pm

Bob asks the question:
“Why do I have the funny feeling that, in the not too distant future, Secretary of State Kerry and President Obama will be claiming manmade global warming hurts baby corals in the Florida Keys?”
For this hunter/gatherer, the question is, does baby coral taste good?
(ooh, I am so bad)

lee
Reply to  Pamela Gray
September 11, 2014 8:35 pm

To the parrot fish?

Pamela Gray
Reply to  lee
September 11, 2014 9:38 pm

They do love the stuff don’t they. Like cows in an alfalfa field.

ChipMonk
September 11, 2014 8:00 pm

Thanks to both Bob Tisdale for the original post and Greg Goodman who did follow-up analysis. This is exactly the scientific exploration should happen: Person A makes a “discovery” and does a write-up for review, Person B does a rebuttal, and the debate ensues. Finally either Person A or B fesses up to an agreed-upon Summary and each person states the Summary in public. … and… all of us observers learn something. Excellent to both of you for both aspects: the Science and the Process.

ChipMonk
Reply to  Bob Tisdale
September 12, 2014 7:18 am

Hi Bob, I got that (based on Greg Goodman September 11, 2014 at 9:58 am). The key takeaway for me is: analysis was done by a gentleman named Bob, but another person started using explosive personal commentary and a bunch of trolls jumped into the same trap. A better method for all involved would be to use “egoless review” processes whereby everyone speaks to the topics, therefore leaving out all personal references. I do high-level program/project managements for a living, whenever egos are enflamed the entire “discovery of truth” process becomes the victim. Thanks again for very interesting discoveries, keep up the good work.

Cinaed Simson
September 11, 2014 8:03 pm

The 121 month or ten year moving mean in figure 2 amplified all the anomalies by a factor 2.
I like the plot figure 1 better since it displays the natural variation – I don’t need a “guiding light”.
And when I do, I prefer to superimpose it on the plot of the “raw” data.
Also, if you’re calculating the mean deviation with a fraudulent mean. i.e., if you’re calculating an “anomaly”, then you should state which fraudulent mean was used – or the so-called base period.
Otherwise, you do great work Bob – I look forward to reading your posts.

Greg Goodman
Reply to  Cinaed Simson
September 11, 2014 10:29 pm

Yes, the sharp peaks and troughs are artefacts of the running mean, the “soother” that does not smooth.
That is because the running mean leaks certain frequencies and worse, inverts that part of the signal.
https://climategrog.wordpress.com/2013/05/19/triple-running-mean-filters/
This can simply be remedied by doing three successive RM filters, as explaining in that article.The result looks a lot different and has somewhat less variation,
http://climategrog.files.wordpress.com/2014/09/floridakeys1.png?w=800
That shows the actual temps ( not anomalies ) with a 12mo filter to remove the annual cycle and 121 mo filter to remove anything faster than 10y variability. That is done with 121, 90 and 68 mo running means.
We can see that highest year in the record was 1997 and there was a very steep drop between 2007 and the end of 2008 that does not seem to be present in the lighthouse data.
The main problem with the paper in question is that they are comparing manual thermometer readings to later automatic thermograph ( thermistor ? ) readings.
The modern readings are an average of hourly data whereas nothing is known of what the earlier readings were or what time of day they were taken.

Information regarding the protocol used to take the tempera-
ture measurements was not published along with the data (10-
day means of daily measurements; Vaughan 1918), but tech-
nology at the time was such that it probably involved a bucket
lowered over the side of the lowest platforms of the light-
houses (~3 m above sea level) and a mercury thermometer.

For the NDBC and thermograph data,
hourly values were averaged to obtain daily data, and daily
data were compiled to obtain monthly means.

So there is no control for the effects of bucket cooling, different depths of measurement and differences in time of day of readings.

An investigation of trends in coral growth in the north-
ern Florida Keys from 1937 to 1996 (using seven cores of
M. faveolata) did not find any trends (Helmle et al. 2011).
Interestingly, that study also reported no warming trend in the
Had1SST gridded data at that location during that time period

The latter conclusion is what is shown in Bob’s and my graph. So the authors conclusion that the warming was all from the post 1970 period which is based on the absense of data for the intermediate period, is without foundation.
In fact the hadISST data clearly shows the opposite: that the warming happened before 1940 and has remained essentially the same since.
Despite being aware of this the Kuffner et al go ahead and publish spurious conclusions based on the absense of data for the intervening period
Their conclusion that the warming was restricted to the period rising CO2 is totally without foundation and is the exact opposite of what is shown by more complete data that they refer to in the body of the paper.

Greg Goodman
Reply to  Greg Goodman
September 11, 2014 10:31 pm

Does that constitute scientific fraud?

Lars Tuff
September 11, 2014 8:23 pm

Nice one, Bob. It is important that You and others keep bringing the critical facts to the public, so attempts of left-handed science is disputed and debunked, before reaching policy makers. Somehow these polici makers seem to cherry-pick bad science anyhow as a basis for ‘You say You’re green because you are too yellow to admit You are red’ failed policies.
In the latest years claims of ‘ocean acidification’ (a contradiction in terms), sea level rise (mostly, if observed, a result of land decline) and rising ocean temperature (barely observable, and if so only local) have been used as an excuse to tell us that the earth’s oceans and it’s flora an fauna is dying, when, in most cases, the oposite is true. In reality,most changes are slow over the past century, the biggest changes are before 1940, and there is no reason to believe that man made greenhouse gases are the cause of any of these small, natural variations. Furthermore sea life is more recilient than what these politically driven ‘science’ reports tell us.
Thank You, mr. Tisdale. I love Your work. Keep it up, please, the world needs it.

David A
September 11, 2014 10:15 pm

This post should be sent to the publishers for comment.

Greg Goodman
September 11, 2014 10:46 pm

Abstract:

Results indicate that the warming observed in the
records between 1878 and 2012 can be fully accounted for by
the warming observed in recent decades (from 1975 to 2007),
documented using in situ thermographs on a mid-shore patch
reef. The magnitude of warming revealed here is similar to
that found in other SST datasets from the region and to that
observed in global mean surface temperature.

Yes the magnitude is similar, however the “other SST” data shows the exact opposite of the unfounded conclusion they are publishing: that this is “accounted for” by warming in recent decades.
Fully aware that more complete data shows the warming happened before the rise in CO2, they they knowingly draw this false conclusion and try to give the equally false impression that other data backs up their study.
See my fuller discussion above:
http://wattsupwiththat.com/2014/09/11/data-reveal-florida-keys-sea-surface-temperatures-havent-warmed-in-80-years/#comment-1734526
This paper should be retracted and the authors investigated for possible scientific fraud.

Greg Goodman
September 11, 2014 11:14 pm

Even the “magnitude” claim is misleading. It is similar to global average ( which is surprising in view of the stability of the areas bordering the tropics) but the rise in hadISST for the same location is about half what they derive from the difference between the separate lighthouse records that are not cross-calibrated.
http://climategrog.files.wordpress.com/2014/09/floridakeys1.png

Coach Springer
Reply to  Bob Tisdale
September 12, 2014 7:34 am

Any thoughts/conjecture on why Florida Keys would be stagnant in a warming SST world?. Aren’t the Gulf and shallow waters supposed to warm faster?

Reply to  Greg Goodman
September 12, 2014 12:59 am

This tastes like a simmering rebuttal for publication in that ‘revered’ journal? 😉

David A
September 12, 2014 5:20 am

Are the complete records of the lighthouse available? If they match the 1 degree L and L of the SST record for the entire period, then a charge of scientific fraud is not out of the question.