Anatomy of a climate witch-hunt letter from U.S. Representative Raúl M. Grijalva

Gijalva
Raul M. Grijalva

The letter below from Rep. Raúl M. Grijalva of Arizona speaks to the worst sort of witch hunt tactics that we’ve seen yet. I suspect that pulling on these threads will backfire on Grijalva, as this will motivate a lot of people to join the fight against this sort of “climate McCarthyism” The letter is reproduced in full below, with the original PDF also available. It’s like he’s got Mann’s #kochmachine delusions ideas.


 

Feb. 24, 2015

L. Rafael Reif

President, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

77 Massachusetts Avenue

Cambridge, MA 02139

Dear President Reif:

As Ranking Member of the House Committee on Natural Resources, I have a constitutional duty to protect the public lands, waters and resources of the United States and ensure that taxpayers are able to enjoy them. I write today because of concerns raised in a recent New York Times report and documents I have received that highlight potential conflicts of interest and failure to disclose corporate funding sources in academic climate research. Understanding climate change and its impacts on federal property is an important part of the Committee’s oversight plan.

As you may have heard, the Koch Foundation appears to have funded climate research by Dr. Willie Soon of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, some of which formed the basis of testimony before the U.S. House Committee on Science, Space and Technology and the Kansas State Legislature’s House Energy and Environment Committee — funding that was not disclosed at the time. Exxon Mobil, in response to an inquiry from the House Science Committee, may have provided false or misleading information on its funding for Dr. Soon’s work. Southern Services Company funded Dr. Soon’s authorship of several published climate studies; Dr. Soon did not disclose this funding to many of those journals’ publishers or editors.

If true, these may not be isolated incidents. Professor Richard Lindzen at your Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences has testified to the U.S. House Committee on Science, Space and Technology on climate change.(1) He has described the scientific community’s concerns as “mainly just like little kids locking themselves in dark closets to see how much they can scare each other and themselves.”(2). In 2009 he spoke at a conference held by the Heartland Institute,(3) a group funded in part by Altria and by the Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation that proposed to teach children that climate change is a hoax.(4)

I am hopeful that disclosure of a few key pieces of information will establish the impartiality of climate research and policy recommendations published in your institution’s name and assist me and my colleagues in making better law. Companies with a direct financial interest in climate and air quality standards are funding environmental research that influences state and federal regulations and shapes public understanding of climate science. These conflicts should be clear to stakeholders, including policymakers who use scientific information to make decisions.

My colleagues and I cannot perform our duties if research or testimony provided to us is influenced by undisclosed financial relationships. Please respond to the following questions and requests for documents. Please ensure your response is in a searchable electronic format and that your reply quotes each question or request followed by the appropriate response. These inquiries refer to activities conducted between Jan. 1,2007, and Jan. 31, 2015.

1. What is MIT’s policy on employee financial disclosure? Please provide a full copy of all applicable policies, including but not limited to those applying to Prof. Lindzen.

2. For those instances already mentioned and others that apply, please provide:

a. all drafts of Prof. Lindzen’s testimony before any government body or agency or that which, to your knowledge, he helped prepare for others;

b. communications regarding testimony preparation.

3. Please provide information on Prof. Lindzen’s sources of external funding. “External funding” refers to consulting fees, promotional considerations, speaking fees, honoraria, travel expenses, salary, compensation and other monies given to Prof. Lindzen that did not originate from the institution itself Please include:

a. The source of funding;

b. The amount of funding;

c. The reason for receiving the funding;

d. For grants, a description of the research proposal and copy of the funded grant;

e. Communications regarding the funding.

4. Please provide all financial disclosure forms filed by Prof Lindzen in which MIT is listed as his professional affiliation, even if it is only stated for purposes of identification.

5. Please provide Prof Lindzen’s total annual compensation for each year covered here. Thank you for your attention to this issue. Please provide a full response no later than March 16, 2015. Direct questions to Vic Edgerton at vedgerton@mail.house.gov or (202) 225-6065.

Very respectfully,

Rep. Raul M. Grijalva, Ranking Member

House Committee on Natural Resources


 

1 — http://wattsupwiththat.com/2010/11/18/profess-richard-lindzens-congressional-testimony/

2 — http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0701/31/1k1.01.htm1

3 — http://heart1and.org/events/NewYork09/speakers.htm1

4 —http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/02/17/428111/exposed-the-19-public-corporations-funding-the-climate-denier-think-tank-heartland-institute/

The original pdf is here: Grijalva-Richard Lindzen MIT_0

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richardscourtney
February 27, 2015 2:20 am

icouldnthelpit
You again demonstrate your ignorance when you write

These demands for transparency need to be stamped out. The best science is always anonymously funded.

The best science is not affected by how it was funded and/or by whom. It stands on its own.
“Demands for transparency” are applied universally. Witch-hunts are not.
Richard

icouldnthelpit
Reply to  richardscourtney
February 27, 2015 2:28 am

(Another long but wasted effort by a banned sockpuppet. Comment DELETED. -mod)

Reply to  icouldnthelpit
February 27, 2015 2:34 am

You mean like the ‘climate’ consensus team is doing now?

icouldnthelpit
Reply to  icouldnthelpit
February 27, 2015 2:37 am

(Another wasted effort by a banned sockpuppet. Comment DELETED. -mod)

richardscourtney
Reply to  icouldnthelpit
February 27, 2015 4:07 am

icouldnthelpit
You ask me

I’d hate to see a repeat of the “tobacco science” of the 50s. Wouldn’t you?

I do hate the “repeat of the “tobacco science” of the 50s” which is now being conducted by e.g. the IPCC with its funding by governments and the CRU with its funding from ‘Big Oil’.
I have been opposing it for decades.
But this thread is not about that.
This thread is about one of the smears intended to distract attention from the “repeat of the “tobacco science” of the 50s” being conducted by promoters of the AGW-scare.
Richard

icouldnthelpit
Reply to  icouldnthelpit
February 27, 2015 4:28 am

(Another wasted effort by a banned sockpuppet. Comment DELETED. -mod)

richardscourtney
Reply to  icouldnthelpit
February 27, 2015 4:59 am

icouldnthelpit
This thread is not a place for you to interrogate me on whatever passes as a thought in your mind.
You made an assertion about “a repeat of the “tobacco science” of the 50s”. I refuted your assertion.
Having failed to derail the thread with that assertion, you now ask me

I’d be interested to know which parts of the letter you disagree with and why.

I have no desire to address what interests you and I have no intention of derailing the thread with discussion of nit-picking details.
In common with all rational and decent people, I disagree with the letter because it is a witch hunt.
And the fact that it is a witch hunt is demonstrated by the complaint of Judith Curry who writes in response to having obtained the letter from Grijalva

I think Grijalva has made a really big mistake in doing this. I am wondering on what authority Grijalva is demanding this information? He is ranking minority member of a committee before which I have never testified.

Richard

icouldnthelpit
Reply to  icouldnthelpit
February 27, 2015 5:49 am

(Another wasted effort by a banned sockpuppet. Comment DELETED. -mod)

MikeB
February 27, 2015 2:40 am

Climate sceptic Warren Meyer has jumped before he was pushed and has already written a letter to Representative Grijalva confessing his climate funding biases.
http://www.coyoteblog.com/coyote_blog/2015/02/wherein-i-come-clean-to-representative-grijalva.html
It’s a lovely letter

ralfellis
Reply to  MikeB
February 27, 2015 5:27 am

Regards his proposed trip to Holland for the flower show, he would indeed miss the best colours – but not for the reason he suggests in that letter. For the last few years, it has been so cold there have been no tulips whatsoever on the parade (late April), so they have made do with daffodils and hyacinths.
http://www.holland.com/upload_mm/8/3/5/38768_fullimage_Flower_Parade_1_560x350.jpg

mpaul
February 27, 2015 2:43 am

I think our energy here is best spent uncovering specific undisclosed conflicts of interest from the Alarmist side. If there is a hearing, the majority will get to pick most of the witnesses.

KenB
February 27, 2015 2:49 am

None of us would ever think that people and elected representative would stoop low enough to engage in such rank politicking, especially politics of division, but we in Australia have also seen a similar orchestrated campaign to, at every turn, discredit the elected Prime Minister Tony Abbott, with the objective of bringing about his downfall and complete their hope that one Malcolm Turnbull MP who is an avowed supporter of both carbon taxes and promoting the false environmental message that C02 is the greatest threat to Humanity is reinstalled until a Labor left is re-elected and so cripple our economy, move entirely to green power at the cost of every Australian resident, while ramping up coal and mineral exports to the world, just as the Gillard and Rudd Governments and their Green mates intended.
Nick Stokes of course knows well why the false messages are being spread and why well qualified scientists in Australian are not allowed to debate the Flannery’s and his fellow travellers of the Climate council, which they hope will also be reinstated in its former role under the Rudd and Gillard Governments.
It really seems that while we have sought to conduct the debate in an orderly and scientific fashion, that those that have promoted AND funded the warmist meme, will now resort to anything even if it is detrimental to the long term peace and stability of elected governments and ruinous to all our economies. Is this their start of the End Game? More than ever their is a need to stay calm unite to defeat, lest the future of the next generation is hobbled as serfs for the elitists who are power hungry with an agenda.
I have a sad feeling for democracy and rights and those families that believe in truth and justice, and those who value the right to freedom of speech, without being jackbooted by totalitarians. Divide and conquer so you lose rights and don’t realise or awaken to their agenda.

Walt D.
February 27, 2015 2:53 am

Breaking news – “Einstein took money from Big Oil”.
A Democrat Congressman is demanding an investigation.”This is very serious and casts doubt on all of Einstein’s research. If the photoelectric effect is not true, then all our solar panels will stop functioning. If E=mc squared is wrong, then all our nuclear weapons and nuclear power plants will stop working. This is a serious threat to national security. If General Relativity is wrong, then all of our GPS systems that rely on a GR correction will start giving out wrong coordinates.”.

asybot
Reply to  Walt D.
February 27, 2015 9:04 am

walt d, That seems exactly what is happening with the warmists and the Dem party these days, soon they’ll find out that Einstein was a mere patent researcher in some obscure tiny office and therefore no scientist at all ( and he was Jewish to boot).

William Astley
February 27, 2015 2:54 am

Research must be funded or it will not happen. Research is a good thing not a bad thing. Spending money researching important scientific issues should be encouraged not blocked. Discussion of research results concerning important scientific issues and policy issues should be encouraged not blocked.
Pharmaceutical companies pay for research which ultimately benefits the general public and pharmaceutical companies. Peer reviewed analysis and making the data and the analysis details available so that it can be verified/checked by other interested parties helps to protect against possible biases. Public discussion of the details of research and the logical implications of research is a new thing and will lead to breakthroughs.
The warmists are resorting to witch hunting as they will lose the policy debate if the debate is base on science.
The warmists are actively, forcefully, trying to block scientific investigation and discussion of the research results concerning the key questions to determine if there is or is not an extreme AGW problem. This action is inappropriate, is not in the public’s or country’s best interest.
Trillions of dollars has been spent on green scams. What has changed due to the trillions of dollars spent on green scams? Does spending on green scams significantly reduce anthropogenic CO2 emissions? How important is it to reduce anthropogenic CO2 emissions? There are important policy questions that need to asked and answered concerning the climate war issues.
1) Multiple peer reviewed analysis results support the assertion that there is no extreme AGW problem to solve. The planet resists forcing changes (negative feedback by an increase or decrease in cloud cover) rather than amplifies forcing changes. Assertion 1 partially explains why there has been no warming for 18 years.
2) It appears that a significant portion of the warming in the last 50 years was due to solar magnetic cycle changes. Assertion 2 explains why there has suddenly been an increase in sea ice both poles and what causes cyclic warming and cooling in the paleo record. Observational proof of assertion 2 would be cooling of the planet.
3) It appears that a significant portion of the recent rise in atmospheric CO2 is due to natural causes, not due to anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The NASA first issued CO2 satellite data supports previous peer reviewed data that supports assertion 3.
http://www-eaps.mit.edu/faculty/lindzen/236-Lindzen-Choi-2011.pdf

On the Observational Determination of Climate Sensitivity and Its Implications
Richard S. Lindzen1 and Yong-Sang Choi2
We estimate climate sensitivity from observations, using the deseasonalized fluctuations in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and the concurrent fluctuations in the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) outgoing radiation from the ERBE (1985-1999) and CERES (2000- 2008) satellite instruments. Distinct periods of warming and cooling in the SSTs were used to evaluate feedbacks. An earlier study (Lindzen and Choi, 2009) was subject to significant criticisms. The present paper is an expansion of the earlier paper where the various criticisms are taken into account. The present analysis accounts for the 72 day precession period for the ERBE satellite in a more appropriate manner than in the earlier paper. We develop a method to distinguish noise in the outgoing radiation as well as radiation changes that are forcing SST changes from those radiation changes that constitute feedbacks to changes in SST. We demonstrate that our new method does moderately well in distinguishing positive from negative feedbacks and in quantifying negative feedbacks. In contrast, we show that simple regression methods used by several existing papers generally exaggerate positive feedbacks and even show positive feedbacks when actual feedbacks are negative. We argue that feedbacks are largely concentrated in the tropics, and the tropical feedbacks can be adjusted to account for their impact on the globe as a whole. Indeed, we show that including all CERES data (not just from the tropics) leads to results similar to what are obtained for the tropics alone – though with more noise. We again find that the outgoing radiation resulting from SST fluctuations exceeds the zerofeedback response thus implying negative feedback. In contrast to this, the calculated TOA outgoing radiation fluxes from 11 atmospheric models forced by the observed SST are less than the zerofeedback response, consistent with the positive feedbacks that characterize these models. ….
…The heart of the global warming issue is so-called greenhouse warming. This refers to the fact that the earth balances the heat received from the sun (mostly in the visible spectrum) by radiating in the infrared portion of the spectrum back to space. Gases that are relatively transparent to visible light but strongly absorbent in the infrared (greenhouse gases) interfere with the cooling of the planet, forcing it to become warmer in order to emit sufficient infrared radiation to balance the net incoming sunlight (Lindzen, 1999). By net incoming sunlight, we mean that portion of the sun’s radiation that is not reflected back to space by clouds, aerosols and the earth’s surface. CO2, a relatively minor greenhouse gas, has increased significantly since the beginning of the industrial age from about 280 ppmv to about 390 ppmv, presumably due mostly to man’s emissions. This is the focus of current concerns. However, warming from a doubling of CO2 would only be about 1C (based on simple calculations where the radiation altitude and the Planck temperature depend on wavelength in accordance with the attenuation coefficients of well mixed CO2 molecules; a doubling of any concentration in ppmv produces the same warming because of the logarithmic dependence of CO2’s absorption on the amount of CO2) (IPCC, 2007). This modest warming is much less than current climate models suggest for a doubling of CO2. Models predict warming of from 1.5C to 5C and even more for a doubling of CO2. Model predictions depend on the ‘feedback’ within models from the more important greenhouse substances, water vapor and clouds. Within all current climate models, water vapor increases with increasing temperature so as to further inhibit infrared cooling. Clouds also change so that their visible reflectivity decreases, causing increased solar absorption and warming of the earth. Cloud feedbacks are still considered to be highly uncertain (IPCC, 2007), but the fact that these feedbacks are strongly positive in most models is considered to be an indication that the result is basically correct. Methodologically, this is unsatisfactory. Ideally, one would seek an observational test of the issue. Here we suggest that it may be possible to test the issue with existing data from satellites.

Reply to  William Astley
February 27, 2015 6:08 am

“Research must be funded or it will not happen.”
Truth continues to be true, whether it is funded or not.
When a person or people care more for funding than Truth, they are in danger of drifting from reality into illusion. Then, once a person’s life or people’s society is no longer founded on fact, the entire superstructure built above the false foundation starts to teeter and sway, and must eventually crash.
The smug and corrupt person sitting and ruffling the cash gained through falsehood always seems blissfully unaware he or she is seated on a limb that they and their ilk are sawing off. History shows they never seem to wise up until their glittering Capitals are reduced to smoldering rubble.
Any practical engineer knows that if your foundation isn’t built upon Truth, all that follows is doomed.

February 27, 2015 3:00 am

Question: does MIT as employer have the access to, or the right, to disclose an employee’s tax return to a congressperson? Or was this letter written by an aide who didn’t understand legal issues and limits on an employer’s power?

toorightmate
February 27, 2015 3:06 am

To repeat what I have recently posted on JoNova:
There is a chilling similarity between Adolf Hitler and Oh Bummer’s modus operandi.

Dave VanArsdale
February 27, 2015 3:12 am

Grijalva is a Commie. The proper response to this Bully is None At All. If however, you, like myself, cannot resist letting this douchbag know how you feel about his feeble and ignorant attempts at minor party intimidation of hard working citizens of the United States of America; do what I did and tweet him to Go Soak Your Head!

February 27, 2015 3:30 am

Dave,
What will hurt a politician even more is a well composed letter to his local newspsper, pointing out:
a) His hit piece, along with
b) Errors in his allegations, and especially stressing that
c) Voters should remember his unethical actions at his next election.
Every politician is always thinking of the next election. Give him something else to think about, instead of attacking an upstanding and ethical man like Willie Soon.
Make that last comparison between Grijalva and Soon. He won’t like that one bit! Bad publicity is anathema to skunks like Grijalva.

February 27, 2015 4:45 am

Interesting opening As Ranking Member of the House Committee on Natural Resources
I wonder what Chairman Rob Bishop’s take would be in light of his strong statement in response to Obama’s nixing of Keystone XL (my emphasis )

Bishop on President Obama’s Keystone XL Pipeline Veto 
 
WASHINGTON, D.C., February 24, 2015 – House Committee on Natural Resources Chairman Rob Bishop (UT-01) issued the following statement in response to President Obama’s veto of Keystone XL legislation today.  The legislation was approved earlier this month with bipartisan support in both the U.S. House and Senate and was sent to the President earlier today. 
“President Obama has played his final hand on Keystone XL. His veto of Congress’ bipartisan legislation reveals how far he is willing to go to cater to environmental extremists. His veto of Keystone degrades America’s energy leadership on the global stage and insults Canada, one of our greatest allies. 
“Over a year ago, the State Department concluded the pipeline project ‘is not likely to have a material impact on greenhouse gas emissions.’ Yet bizarrely, the President is placing the fantasies of fringe interest groups and his own misguided political legacy over the needs of the American people.

http://naturalresources.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=398054

Pethefin
Reply to  craigm350
February 27, 2015 6:43 am

Did you read the comment by Helmut Kurtz “February 27, 2015 at 12:54 am” above?

Reply to  Pethefin
February 27, 2015 9:49 am

Pethefin – I hadn’t seen it. Thanks for pointing me towards it. Had the same thoughts about Raul’s interests too but was short on time looking into it. Getting anything to stick is another matter mind.

Khwarizmi
February 27, 2015 5:01 am

I have a reference to a government meeting that Dr. Lindzen attended, if anyone wants to send a copy to the Witch Finder General:
===============================
“At a meeting of the Royal Meteorological Society, held in London in December 1992, Tom Wigley, one of the climatologists leading research into global warming, said that if the climate responds sluggishly, it could be thirty or forty years before there was clear evidence for of it. ‘I cannot stress the uncertainty enough,’ he said. Sir John Mason, former director of the Meteorological Office, complained that politicians needing to make decisions were asking scientists to studying climate to ‘run before we can walk; to make predictions we may regret.’ The meeting was told by Dick Lindzen, professor of meteorology at Massachusetts Institute if Technology, that his calculations suggested that the doubling of the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide by the middle of next century, the assumption on which all calculations are made, would increase average temperatures by 1.5°C at most, compared with the 1.5 to 4.5 degrees more usually predicted.”
Facing The Future, Michael Allaby, 1995, p.183
===============================
The edition of New Scientist that reported the meeting (December 19, 1992, issue 1852) is notably absent from the archives. It had an article on page 6 by Fred Pearce: American sceptic plays down warming fears. I wanted to read it, but it’s not there:
http://www.newscientist.com/issue/1852
(Interestingly, 1992 was the year the Catholic Church finally got around to apologizing for their treatment of the heretic Galileo, whose research was funded by the Medici family)
Allaby again:
========================
“It is intellectually dishonest to misrepresent the state of scientific knowledge for purposes of political propaganda. Given the poor state of public understanding of scientific concepts, the use of tactics designed to scare people into making radical and costly changes to the way they live is particularly distasteful. Exaggerations of scientific hypotheses, the misunderstanding and selective editing, or deliberate distortion, or findings to support preconceptions amounts to the misuse of information. And, in the end, it will be the scientific enterprise that is most likely to suffer through loss of credibility if it was discovered that the claims were bogus.
(op.cit. p.p. 187-188)
========================

Resourceguy
February 27, 2015 6:03 am

The mug shot looks a little like Joseph McCarthy.

Reply to  Resourceguy
February 28, 2015 3:09 am

Yes its a very unfortunate photograph. I’m sure his mother loves him and his wife struggles.

John C
February 27, 2015 6:28 am

A Tucson radio station 790 KNST is scheduled to interview Roger Pielke live Monday morning at 7:05 AM. Griljava hasn’t had a thought that didn’t promote far leftist ideas. He gets large sums of money from Democrats in elections and with his gerrymandered district is safe to do and say anything the left asks of him. The local talk show will have much to say about this in support of Roger.

asybot
Reply to  John C
February 27, 2015 9:32 am

Jon C can you tell me where I can find a connection to that AM station I can’t receive them are they on the net?

John C
Reply to  asybot
March 1, 2015 7:48 am

I think they are on IHeart.

John C
Reply to  John C
March 2, 2015 6:11 am

Rut roh…looks like the regular host is sick and the interview isn’t happening 🙁

Doug
February 27, 2015 7:05 am

Well, the bright side is that perhaps some staff will actually read the testimony of Lindzen. If they want to find something false in it, they will have to dig into the actual science, and they will see how weak the evidence for CAGW is.

Mike M
February 27, 2015 8:03 am
Alan McIntire
February 27, 2015 8:08 am

See
https://books.google.com/books?id=OSE9AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA99&lpg=PA99&dq=mcgrain+v+daugherty+%281927%29+power+to+compel&source=bl&ots=pY4XnQ2B9g&sig=CCn7biEaccmUCh6sSSa80VpMH9k&hl=en&sa=X&ei=PW_uVKPmFJGsyASAmIHgAg&ved=0CEMQ6AEwCDgK#v=onepage&q=mcgrain%20v%20daugherty%20(1927)%20power%20to%20compel&f=false
This is political grandstanding by Grijalva. His letters are pure political posturing and have no more legal subpoena authroity than a letter from me. The way to respond to his letters is with public ridicule.

Ralph Kramden
February 27, 2015 10:38 am

Rep. Raul M. Grijalva, Ranking Member
House Committee on Natural Resources

I think the Republicans should replace him on this committee.

Ralph Kramden
Reply to  Ralph Kramden
February 27, 2015 10:40 am

I forgot to state that Rep. Grijalva is a Democrat.

LeeHarvey
February 27, 2015 11:03 am

I just had what I think is a brilliant idea –
Why don’t we start building pressure behind a law prohibiting any corporation with interests in the petroleum business from contributing money to any person or organization that has anything to say about ‘climate change’? When the loudest outcry against it comes from the people who claim ‘denialist support’ on the part of Big Oil, it should become pretty clear whom Big Oil is actually funding.

tadchem
February 27, 2015 12:09 pm

Rep. Raúl M. Grijalva of Arizona was born February 19, 1948, over 9 years before the death of Sen. Joseph McCarthy on May 2, 1957. In this respect his life does not support any arguments for Reincarnation.

tadchem
Reply to  tadchem
February 27, 2015 12:10 pm

The question of whether History repeats itself remains open.

February 27, 2015 1:33 pm
February 27, 2015 2:40 pm

Hmmm…..Do we know who funded Representative Raúl M. Grijalva’s election?
In politics the funding says something.
In actual science? A drug company doesn’t twist the results of research to keep lawyers in business.
They do it honestly to find something that works so they can sell it to those who need it and not get sued.
In Climate (Political) Science, what’s being sold and to who’s profit?
This guy is just trying to discredit by implication anybody who upsetting the Climate (Political) Science applecart.

Tanya Aardman
February 27, 2015 2:41 pm

So the gist is this …. Certain companies aren’t allowed to spend on R&D?

Steve Thayer
February 27, 2015 4:56 pm

How do know if that color is really red if I don’t know who paid for the paint job?
That letter looks like an attempt to get no response so they can say MIT refused to co-operate with their investigation.

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