Guest Post by Willis Eschenbach
I thought I’d write about something a bit different, still about science, but of another kind. When I was sixty-three, I had the curious experience of getting my heart and lungs and all tested to the max by the doctors. They shot my veins full of drugs and made way cool movies of how the blood was pumping around my heart, and other fun pursuits.
They also gave me a full-stress treadmill test. It started out moving slowly, and on the flat. No problem, I kept up. Then they jacked both the angle and the speed up a bit. I kept up. And after a short time, they did the same again, increased both the angle and the speed. Still, I kept up. After a few more rounds of ever-increasing intensity, I was almost running up what seemed like the side of Mount Everest.
But I kept up.
Afterwards, they pulled the tape off of the machine. The nurse and the doctor looked at it, and conferred a bit. Then the nurse came over and asked “What kind of exercise do you do?”
I mimed flexing my bicep, bending my elbow, and lifting a glass to my lips …
“No, seriously”, she said, “do you work out at the gym?”. I admitted that no, I didn’t go to the gym … and I also didn’t run or exercise at all. Why was she asking?
“Your metabolic score on the treadmill”, she said, “we only ever see that high a score on twenty-year-old guys who are firefighters or cops or bodybuilders.”
I could have told her why I was able to get that high a score, but it wasn’t the time, so I just laughed and went on. Anyhow, there’s a curious story behind my ability, and this seems like a good time to tell it.
When I was about twenty-seven, I spent about a year in Hawaii in training as a psychotherapist. Yeah, I know, who would have guessed? And I spent many, many hundreds of hours working with and assisting lots of clients during that time. Anyhow, about a year later I was swimming in the pool at Laney College, in Oakland, California. I was working on my Red Cross Lifesaving Certificate, but I was having trouble with the distance swimming. I could swim fine, but I always ended up panting and out of breath after only a few high-speed laps of the pool.
One day, it all changed. Who should I run into at the pool but an ex-client from Hawaii. Talk about a surprise, we weren’t even in the same state as when we’d known each other, and he wasn’t a student at Laney. I have no idea why he was there. He was never all that coherent, and that day was no exception. He tried to tell me what was going on, but it was hard to follow.
Somehow I got to talking about my difficulty with swimming distances. He watched me swimming for a while, and then he waved me over to the side of the pool. “I know what you’re doing wrong”, he said, and he told me how to fix it.
So I tried what he said, and to my astonishment I found that I could just swim and swim and swim! I was totally blown away, I’d never done anything like that. I thanked him profusely, he walked out the door … and I’ve never seen him again in my life.
I showered and dressed … and then on a whim, I decided to run the two miles back to my home.
To understand what that meant, you need to know that I hated, hated, hated track in high school. They wanted me to run a mile, and after the first of four laps my tongue was hanging out, I was panting to the max, and totally out of breath. I despised running, and I never, ever ran unless I had to. So for me to suddenly decide to run the two miles from Laney back to my place in Oakland, that was a shock to me.
I started out, not knowing what to expect … and I ran the two miles home, and when I got there, I wasn’t even breathing hard.
So … what was it that the half-crazy guy told me about my swimming that made such an instant difference in my stamina.
He said “You’re not breathing out enough.”
He explained that particularly when we’re swimming, but also with any exercise, people usually end up panting, taking very rapid, shallow breaths. We focus on breathing in, on forcing more air into our lungs. He said that the way to break that habit was simple—when you start running short of air, don’t mess with the in-breath, just breathe out for one count longer.
He pointed out that when we swim or run, we usually fall into a pattern. With me, when I swam I breathed out and then took an in-breath with every alternate stroke of my arms. He said when I ran short of air, there was no need to mess with the in-breath—what I had to do was just add one more beat to the out-breath. So for example, if I was running, I was in the habit of breathing in for two steps and out for two steps. When I started running out of breath, I needed to lengthen my out-breath to three steps … and then if that wasn’t enough, lengthen the out-breath to four steps, and so on.
And that was it. There’s no need to make any alteration to the in-breath, we’re all really good at that part. Filling up the lungs isn’t the problem, it’s emptying the lungs.
And from that day to this, I don’t run out of breath. I just breathe out one beat longer, and I keep going. That’s the reason why at the age of sixty-three, I finished my treadmill test breathing deeply, very deeply … but just like some young guy who does pushups and runs laps all day, I wasn’t out of breath at all. I could have kept it up for a while longer.
Will this have the same effect on you? Heck, I don’t know. It was a gift that was bestowed on me by a slightly mad man I’d once cared for and had tried to help, who reappeared in my life for a single afternoon, apparently for that one purpose … all I can do is pass it on in the same spirit of joyous abandon. I only wish someone had been around to tell me about this back when I was in high school … so if you’re interested in catching your own breath, think of it as science, do the experiment, and report back.
My best to everyone,
w.
Willis what you say is very true about breathing and excercise especially with swimming. Breathing out when under water ready then to breathe in when you head is out of water.
I’m not going all hippy on you but controlled breathing even for twenty seconds is one of the best ways to destress and relax. Do it for two minutes and you are in another place in your mind.
Regards
CO2 is bad. M’kay? 😉
A decade ago, I started doing some Karate training. It was really tough and I couldn’t keep up for even 15 minutes; having trained mainly in desk-chair surfing for the previous 2 decades.
I switched on my brain and thought out what was going on and why the sensei was breathing out sharply at each “strike” or block. It wasn’t just to tighten up the abdomen to increase the potential force of the blow but also to expel “stale” air vigorously. The experience of the biomechanics in the sport was fascinating. Actually re-training how one moves to minimise “internal resistance” by opposing muscles in order to conserve energy while increasing speed of movement; to the point where one is concentrating more on “relaxing” into a move than into forcing it.
Re: swimming technique – type “9 stroke freestyle” into google and watch Shinji Takesuchi’s video. Check the start and end times for the length against the video time line. Lovely stuff.
Totally agree about breathing out.
A kettlebell looks like a cannonball with a handle attached, used for ballistic weight exercise. I guess spellcheck altered the word in my first post.
I simarly score very high on those tests, i am young and fit though, i used to run 15km off road on steep terrain each night. I learnt through a jujitsu trainer when 15 years old to ckear my mind and focus on my breathing. I found through concentration and slow deep breathing i not only could run for long periods but also could lower my heart rate significantly i.e dropping it from 120 to below 60 whilst maintaining the same pace. I assume the deep breathing both in and out (all the way out as well) that my cardio system at a jogging pace worked so much better my heart didnt need to worksas hard to get air to my muscles. A useful technique. It also used to help me going 12 rounds when boxing, I always found nothing worked my lungs as hard as boxing, unfortunetly nothing helped with my arms turning to jelly and having only the strength of a baby towards the end!
I recently (last 3-4 yrs) developed a form of this for myself, even simpler, and useful in every level of exertion. After a normal exhalation, add a little “puff”, from the diaphragm. It’s not intended to actually get that air all the way out, just to disturb the “dead air” in the deepest alveoli. My thinking is/was that the maximum amount of lung/air interface is in the most finely segmented and deepest sacs of the lungs, the very ones least in the “flow” of breath going in and out. So they need a little “bump”, just to force some mixing of that deepest most CO2-saturated air.
Works like a charm; if you’re not working hard and burning oxy, it gives a light-headed hyperventilation sensation, and if you are working hard it greatly extends endurance. No “deep breathing” or extra lung emptying required — just a little bump on the diaphragm, at the end of each exhale, making sure the “dead air” gets mixed with more oxygen-rich stuff.
I’m also 67.
Thanks for that Willis. I am seriously asthmatic and on all the known drugs. Breathing out is the key to lung capacity. Breathe out by sinking the chest then when you feel your lungs are empty push out the stomach to draw the diaphragm down and add a couple of milliliters to the fill up. It is free air! Most of us only use about 2/3rds of our lung capacity, for some of us that would be a luxury. All the best.
coalsoffire says:
September 23, 2013 at 10:08 pm
Thanks for the tip. I’m 64 and creeping up on 65 and I’m getting desperately short of breath when I exert myself while SCUBA diving. …
Just a suggestion. Get a blood test for haemoglobin level – especially if you take aspirin for anything.
On the topic of breathing, cycling legend Graeme Obree developed his own breathing pattern (summary here: http://cyclinginfo.co.uk/blog/4182/training/obree-breathing-technique ) , described in his book “The Obree Way”. When I’m struggling at my limits of exertion, I occasionally remember to do as he describes, and it does help. My heart rate drops by 3 to4 beats a minute without slowing down.
It’s as Obree describes – just because we’ve evolved to breathe, it doesn’t mean we breathe in the optimal way.
I use that technique for years now to fall asleep. Inhale, exhale till there’s nothing left anymore and then exhale some more in a steady rhythm. Soon you’ll start to feel relaxed and doze off.
Another breathing trick…don’t wait for deficit when you confront a hill. Accelerate breathing BEFORE you feel the need and you will glide to the top.
Willis: this post is a gift to us all. All your posts are gifts, stretching mind or body in useful, funny and even important ways. Thank you; and thanks to Anthony for running such a fine house.
The Natives were running up an down the basketball court and effortlessly wore out the opposing team… Breathing in through their nose and big exhale through mouth…Out of breath? breath through your nose. I just learned the Natives were probably taking an extra exhale step too!
Thanks for the reminder-I was taught that every day you should do a “lung purge” by breathing out all the air you can over several minutes of deep breathing. It is the same concept you noted- do not stop exhaling when you normally do but keep it up to purge the lungs, then a deep breath, hold it and purge again.Was taught that that long ago when I swam competitively.
Thanks for this post. I enjoyed reading it. I regularly swim longer distances (1.5 miles freestyle 3/wk) and I use a similar breathing pattern with the short inhale and extended exhale over 2 strokes. I never have trouble swimming distance at a relatively healthy pace (50yds/min) with 50yd all out sprints every 1/4 mile. I’m also 63
I also participate in a Senior Dragon Boat racing team (I’m 63) and, when I first started this activity I had a tendency to hyperventilate as a race requires ‘stroke rates’ of 1 sec or less over distances of up to 2000 meters. I find that I tend to breathe in-out with each stroke and the result is that I edge towards hyperventilation during the races (even over as short a distance as 200 meters). I’m going to try to adjust my breathing to the ‘short in – longer out’ pattern you wrote about and see if that doesn’t help me.
Thanks for the tip. It might help me.
there is a link between breathing and climate studies. When one inhales cold dry air, the nose and lungs warm and humidify the air. Thus, the volume of exhaled air is larger then the volume of inhaled air. This is why we need more time to exhale than inhale.
there is also the issue of lung bronchioles collapsing on themselves when breathing out but this is a separate issue.
When I started mountain biking in earnest in my late 50’s, I was looking for training aids and I came upon an English (there’s a thread somewhere here) device that improves your exhaling by putting an adjustable rubber valve in the exhaust passage. You can freely breath in, but you have to force the air out. After 10 minutes using it the first day, the next day my chest muscles hurt, muscles you mostly don’t use a lot.
My riding improved as did my breathing.
@ur momisugly Janice M” ….it was, once again, about how wonderful you are at something.”
My thoughts exactly. Was there ever any doubt? You’re a smart guy Willis, but your ego is like a ravenous animal, always in need of feeding.
Inspirational, Willis 🙂
In mammals, unlike birds, air flows in and out the same route. As a result, only about 1/3 of the air in our lungs is fresh air. The other 2/3 is stale air with a shortage of O2 and an excess of CO2.
Note to self: Don’t do this whilst sitting down and relaxed, as it gives you a dizzy head.
As a climber I have spent a fair amount of time above 18,000 feet. The trick to not dying is breath control. Take a quick deep breath and then purse your lips and slowly squeeze the air out. This increases the air pressure in the lungs and aids the bloods grabbing oxygen.
Inhaling lowers the pressure in the lungs aiding the release of CO2. Exhaling increases the pressure in the lungs aiding the absorption of O2. Restricting the breath going out lowers the effective altitude. Humans are one of the few animals that can breath independently of actions like running. and why with breath control can have great endurance.
Resting heart rate 55, blood oxygen level in the 90’s at 6,000′.
This is quite well understood – the ‘out of breath’ feeling is triggered by CO2 build up rather than lack of O2. Free divers hyperventilate to purge CO2 before diving. If done to excess it can lead to drowning because the diver uses all the O2 in his lungs without feeling any discomfort and loses conciousness.
With swimming you are more aware of your breathing, so it is no surprise it came about in this setting.
With me it started with yoga, but the swimming told me the immediate effect. The yoga breathing exercise was about deep breathing. To accomplish this you just have to concentrate on the exhale and slow it down, leave the inhale do its job without interfering, just slow the exhale down till say twice as long as normal. What happens is by reflex your inhalation gets deeper and deeper till after a while you feel like your pump yourself up like a balloon.
You can refine this technique with involving more of the different regions of your lungs, like down with the belly-breath, up with the shoulder-breath, and I think even down there in the region where your kidneys are you can use your lungs some extra. Ideally this all together in one natural breath.
The swimming told me the immediate effect. Within a week or so my lung capacity had doubled, if not tripled, or so it felt, as I could make a lot more strokes in the free style before inhaling again. It was amazing.
I did not interpret this exercise like exhaling more, just like exhaling slower, but the exhaling more thorough does happen kind of by itself as you concentrate on it and slow it down. Willis’ method is more straightforward and better suited during physical exercise I think. So I’ll give it a try for sure.
What a wonderful present this guy gave to you, Willis, and now you pass it on to us. Many thanks. A lot to learn from the other posts here as well 🙂