NZCLIMATE TRUTH NEWSLETTER NO 319
by Vincent Gray, Wellington New Zealand
Chapter 13 of the IPCC 5th WGI Report claims that sea level will rise by an amount between 0.26 to 0.97 metres by 2100 according to which of their new scenarios actually happens
Relative Sea Level,the distance between the level of the sea and the level of neighbouring land is what matters to most of us. The Level of the open ocean is only of minor importance. This Report tries to mix the two up in a single chart.
Relative Sea Level is measured by tide gauges which measure the distance between the level of the sea registered on specialist equipment and a supposedly constant benchmark location on the neighbouring land. carried out in over 1000 coastal locations all over the world. The records are averages, over a day, week, month or years.
Both the level of the sea and of the neighbouring land constantly vary from place to place.and from time to time.
The sea changes level constantly, diurnally and seasonally. It is influenced by winds, storms and hurricanes and also by earthquakes. The level of the sea may be influenced by breakwaters and harbour works. The equipment may be damaged or its location altered by storms. Severe storms may prevent correct measurement and give a false reading which interferes with claims for “change.
Land surfaces may change. The land may subside by weight of buildings, and removal of minerals and groundwater. The Report illustrates the problem of measurement near land covered in iceGeological change (Isostasy) may result from plate movements and earthquakes. Many of these effects cause an upwards bias to the readings.
Long term trends may as much show these changes as any other influence. As a result they are not a reliable guide to the future.which should be based on a recent period of reliable measurements.
The recent installation of GPS levelling equipment on m,ay sites has greatly improved the reliability of the land-based benchmark. It has resulted in a nearly constant sea level change for many records it is therefore wrong to place reliance on older readings in order to assess future behaviour. It should be based on the most recent measurements which are the least likely to be affected by previous bias.
The records are publicly available at the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) website at at http://www.psmsl.org/data/obtaining/map.html which features a very convenient map of the world from which all the records can be obtained.
Many records are defective in one way or another. Many have gaps or sudden changes, Few have a long-term continuous record. Frequently there is little sign of change during the recent decade. evidence. that currently there is little or no change in sea level. The following figure from Chapter 13, FAQ 13.1 Figure 1. illustrates this error.
It shows six tide gauge records compared with the supposed global average..
The actual current records, which are shown (rather small), disagree with this supposed trend
San Francisco is unchanged since 1990.
Charlottetown is unchanged from 1995 to 2010.
Antofagasta is unchanged from 1980 to 2012
Pago Pago is unchanged since 2000.
Stockholm is actually falling.
Manila is a rogue record.The following website states that the gauge is subject to subsidence
http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/sltrends/sltrends_global_station.shtml?stnid=660-011
The following records from the Philippines, show no recent rise.
I have published a study of the Pacific islands which also display no recent rise at
http://scienceandpublicpolicy.org/south_pacific.html
Recently there was a Pacific Forum meeting in Kiribati attended by our Prime Minister which complained that the islands were sinking. And we must take action
This is a recent tide gauge record from Kiribati
. These figures and also those from Australia continue to show little change. He same is true for many islands as shown at
http://www.contrepoints.org/2013/10/01/140868-les-oceans-montent-dangereusement-sauf-autour-iles
Future projections for different places from the latest IPCC Report Chapter 13 are shown in their Figure 13.23 .
Every one of these actual measured sea levels have shown no sign of change for at least ten years, yet all the projections claim that this settled behaviour will suddenly change to an upwards level of around half a metre by the end of the century.
This is based on models which have failed to predict the lack of a global temperature increase for the past 17 year,.yet it is claimed they are causing melting of ice, particularly in the Arctic
All the models assume that any temperature rise will be least at the poles and greatest at the tropics because the water vapour feedback is lower at the poles..They do not mention Antarctica where the ice is currently increasing
There are no measurements of temperatures on ice anywhere, on ice caps, oceans or glaciers. In all cases there are other influences.on their behaviour. In the Arctic it is the temperature of the ocean and the behaviour of the ocean oscillations.
The ice in the Arctic is beginning to grow now
The satellite measurements do seem to show a steady increase in sea level, but it seems to be little known that the instruments are subject to drift and they have to be calibrated on tide gauge measurements,
This is described in the following web address
which can be boiled down to
These satellite measurements have only been going since 1992. There have been several calibration problems and it is unclear to what extent it incorporates errors from tide gauges
CONCLUSION
Models based on an assumption of a temperature change that is not currently happening, and on melting ice which is absent from Antarctica and which appears to have ceased in the Arctic, are poor guides to practical sea level changes near a coast. These need to be judged from tide gauges measuring recent local behaviour with reliable equipment,, . The IPCC “projections” are thereby grossly exaggerated.
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No problem, just “upjust” the data:
Satellite sea level data has been “adjusted” upward by 34% over past 9 years alone
There are many documented examples of sea level data from satellite altimeters being “adjusted” upward many years after publication, often repeatedly on the same data, and in defiance of the laws of probability, always in an upward direction. Seven documented examples can be found in the links in this post. A recent comment in a sea level article on the Yale Environment 360 site documents another example of sea level data being adjusted upward by 34% [by 1 mm/yr, equivalent to an additional 4 inches per century] over the 9 years since it was collected and published on the University of Colorado website.
http://hockeyschtick.blogspot.com/2013/10/satellite-sea-level-data-has-been.html
Seems to me that measuring sea level a lot like measuring your altitude while jumping on a trampoline. A host of factors come into play in addition to those mentioned such as volcanoes
on land, volcanoes at sea, erosion and kids skipping rocks
[“pippen kool” if you want to denigrate 90 year old Dr. Gray, who has forgotten more than you’ll ever learn, put your name to your words, otherwise kindly STHU. Feel free to be as upset as you wish, because as you know I don’t have a lot of tolerance for people who taunt from anonymity. If you have a point, make it technically. So far all you have is hand waving – Anthony]
Continued and lavish Calamatological funding is the key to the necessary data adjustments.
For people who are fearful of the rate of sea level rise please take a look at this terrifying graphic and warn all your loved ones to go to higher land areas now.
FWIW: This is what I was taught, before satellites tried to improve upon it.
“So that the surface of the ocean can be used as a base for measuring elevations, the concept of “local mean sea level” has been developed. In the United States and its territories, local mean sea level is determined by taking hourly measurements of sea levels over a period of 19 years at various locations, and then averaging all of the measurements.
The 19-year period is called a Metonic cycle. It enables scientists to account for the long-term variations in the moon’s orbit. It also averages out the effects of local weather and oceanographic conditions.”
I was lazy and pulled that quote out of:
http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/sea-level/?ar_a=1
——–
19 years to try to average out any known cycles,… and calibrate the satellites ?
The models say the sea levels are rising. So, where’s the missing water? Hiding in the deep ocean?
If thermal expansion of ocean waters is a major factor in the increase in sea level on a regional basis then your map seems to confirm Bob Tisdale’s claim that although the bulk of the oceans have warmed – there has been no statistically significant warming in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean.
Re u.k.(us) says: October 30, 2013 at 6:56 pm
I have commented on WUWT on several occasions regarding measurement of sea level, particularly the necessity to consider the Metonic Cycle and average sea level measurements over at least a cycle length. From an engineering or surveying point of view, American Council of Surveying and Mapping provides a good summary:
http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/publications/Understanding_Sea_Level_Change.pdf
See my WUWT comments at:
http://wattsupwiththat.com/2013/01/24/sea-level-rate-of-rise-shown-to-be-partially-a-product-of-adjustments/
and
http://wattsupwiththat.com/2013/09/20/sea-level-rise-climate-change-and-an-ocean-of-natural-variability/
I have made an albeit cursory comparison between locally published tide gauge records that I need to refer to for design values, and what should be the same records in the PSMSL, and they don’t match.
Jimbo says:
October 30, 2013 at 6:46 pm
I’ve often used that chart in class to teach students the importance of putting data in context.
So it could be .36 Meters rise or even 373% greater…
If engineers designed like this…
The most recent paper I have seen uses unadjusted data from the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level applied to many global long term tide gauges. The overall conclusion is that sea level change from the data studied is 1 mm per year for the period 1900-2000.
http://pluto.mscc.huji.ac.il/~msdfels/wpapers/Tide%20gauge%20location.pdf
There is no reason why a new paper should give the best result, apart from being able to build on previous papers. Therefore, the scientific exercise is to show the conclusion to be wrong, or accept it. If a different conclusion is reached, such as that by Chapter 13 of the IPCC 5th WGI Report, then the minimal scientific requirement is to explain any differences. It really is hard to find disagreement with the paper I cited. (Note that the paper was not published in time for the IPCC AR5 compilation).
For information, the English translation of the tittle of my Contrepoints post mentioned here is “Oceans rise dangerously, except around islands”.
The post covers the 39 AOSIS Islands, AOSIS (http://bit.ly/1iw0tR5) being the “coalition of small island and low-lying coastal countries that share similar development challenges and concerns about the environment, especially their vulnerability to the adverse effects of global climate change. It functions primarily as an ad hoc lobby and negotiating voice for small island developing States (SIDS) within the United Nations system”
The initial idea was to check if there was any factual basis to support AOSIS money and international attention claims. Guess the answer!
I could provide, within reasonable time frame, an English translation of my post on request.
Once the seas get too high, we just need to start sequestering water in the antarctic. Problem solved. Probably cheaper than trying to slow the oceans rise by cutting co2.
Caution with Isostasy adjustment!! These Tidal gauge data are only valid if they have a correct Isostasy adjustment. Your Example from Stockolm, for instance, can be a clear case where the sea is not retreating but, instead, the Earth “is rising”. The Scandinavian peninsula is one of the most known examples of evident isostasy, where the crust is rising. The same applies to Manilla in the reverse movement. If you cannot measure accurately crust vertical movements, all tidal gauge data is distorted and potential misleading. Any crustal horizontal mass transfer implies isostasy with time. That’s where any prediction of sea level rise fails!!! Trust me, I’ve worked on this issue for ages…
From a Jim Prall’s list skeptic.
I would like to see data for new rock being formed under the atlantic set against old rock being consumed in subversion zones and while Mr Pachuri is down there measuring that he can measure the net gain in heat from all the lava being solidified! without an idea of that what good is the sea level rise guesses? I have writers block, I cannot find any words derogatory enough to describe the excuse for scientists who think they can get a computer to model this!
“All the models assume that any temperature rise will be least at the poles and greatest at the tropics because the water vapour feedback is lower at the poles.”
I thought the models all predicted more warming at the poles and higher latitudes because absorption was already nearly saturated at the lower latitudes and there is a lot more ‘room’ for an increase in the greenhouse effect in the high latitudes.
Anybody?
Tonyb says it best, “Measuring sea levels is problematic”
“There have been several calibration problems and it is unclear to what extent it incorporates errors from tide gauges” that’s not the only problem http://climal.com/measuring-earths-temperature.php
The entire ‘positive trend’ in satellite sea level ‘measurements’ was produced by upjustments:
http://joannenova.com.au/2012/05/man-made-sea-level-rises-are-due-to-global-adjustments/
My question is how they accurately (over the time periods of interest) separate out isostatic & tectonic effects from the tidal records. Those also should be long period variations, similar to so called effect of AGW. I would hazard to guess that Stockholm in fact is seeing some degree of isostatic rebound, which would look the same as a falling sea level (as it is a relative fall in sea level wrt the land).
I know the GRACE satellite gravity data is designed to address some of these issues but that is a very limited data record (just since 2002 , I believe) but how do you account for tectonics & isostacy in the pre-gps era?? My guess is it hasn’t been done, at least accurately, & that we know far less about the long term trend in sea level than we may think (if anyone has references to show that this has been done accurately (for lets say, the last 100 years) , I would love to see the link).
“Many records are defective in one way or another. Many have gaps or sudden changes, Few have a long-term continuous record. Frequently there is little sign of change during the recent decade. evidence. that currently there is little or no change in sea level.”
Classic!
“There are no measurements of temperatures on ice anywhere, on ice caps, oceans or glaciers. In all cases there are other influences.on their behaviour. In the Arctic it is the temperature of the ocean and the behaviour of the ocean oscillations.”
http://iabp.apl.washington.edu/data_buoy.html
http://iabp.apl.washington.edu/images/data_fig_popbuoy2_tn.jpg
http://iabp.apl.washington.edu/data_satemp.html
http://nsidc.org/data/g00791.html
http://nsidc.org/data/thermap/
sometimes, it’s more than “exaggeration”, it’s lies:
30 Oct: BusinessSpectator Australia: Higher emissions target in line with science: council
By a staff reporter
The Australian Climate Council has backed the Climate Change Authority’s report calling for higher emissions reductions targets.*…
“If we fail to reduce our emissions adequately the economic impacts will be profound. We have to recognise this is an issue that will affect long term planning decisions for our economy and environment,” Gerry Hueston, a councillor who was formerly chief executive of BP Australasia, said…
“International action, particularly from the US and China is moving faster than was expected just a few years ago.
“Without stepping up to do our bit Australia could lag behind the world.
http://www.businessspectator.com.au/news/2013/10/30/policy-politics/higher-emissions-target-line-science-council
we know why US emissions have droppd & it’s got nothing to do with CAGW policies, PLUS:
Japan considers weakening 2020 emissions target: media
BEIJING, Oct 30 (Reuters Point Carbon) – Japan is considering a new climate target that would allow its greenhouse gas emissions to remain near current levels to 2020, weakening its international commitment to tackling climate change, according to media reports…
http://www.pointcarbon.com/news/1.2706342?&ref=searchlist
25 Oct: InternationalBusinessTimes: Canada’s 2020 Carbon Emissions Target: Epic Fail
Environment Canada said on its Web site the country will emit an additional 734 megatonnes carbon output 2020 versus the 701 megatonnes in 2011 when in fact it committed to reduce by 17 per cent by 2020 its carbon emissions from 2005 levels, as part of the 2009 Copenhagen Accord…
Overall, between 2005 and 2020, Canada’s carbon emissions will rise by 38 per cent, courtesy of its oil and gas industry…
(FUNDING FROM SHELL, TIDES FOUNDATION ETC) Pembina Institute analyst P.J. Partington believed matters can still be saved if Canada will commit to a strong political will…
http://au.ibtimes.com/articles/516739/20131025/canada-carbon-emissions.htm
28 Oct: BusinessSpectator: NZ on track to miss (emissions) targets by huge margin
New Zealand’s greenhouse gas emissions are set to rise nearly 50 per cent by 2040, according to new government modelling, taking the country well off course to meet its commitment to cut emissions in half by mid-century.*…
http://www.businessspectator.com.au/news/2013/10/28/policy-politics/nz-track-miss-targets-huge-margin
China’s anti-pollution drive risks running out of gas
BEIJING, Oct 30 (Reuters) – A chronic shortage of natural gas is hurting China’s plan to move away from burning coal to heat homes and offices, raising the prospect of more choking air pollution this winter and beyond…
http://www.pointcarbon.com/news/reutersnews/1.2706234?&ref=searchlist
Alarmism around sea level ‘rise’ (better use “change” or “disruption”, kids) is such a simpleton’s simplification. Vincent Gray is correct in his outline…there are simply too many variables involved to make a blanket statement about alarming sea level rise. Horse hockey like intense Australian rains mitigating sea level rise, or “Katrina was made worse by Sea Level Rise”, or a supposed big sea-dome around Manila, or Grist’s “this is what climate change looks like” (in reference to the 2011 tsunami), are all examples of the distortion by the climate change druids. All of it is refutable, confirmed by the shrill responses when one tries. Again, geologists can teach climate scienceytistas a thing or two, but because Climatologists are an exalted lot, above reproach AND realistic sea levels, they will never learn.