Yottawatts

meter_reading.jpg

Ok the first thing that went through my mind when I saw the word Yottawatts was that episode of Seinfeld where Elaine uses the phrase…yadda, yadda, yadda…

But its actually about powers of ten and electrical power (watts). I was researching the amount of solar insolation the earth receives from the sun (174 Petawatts) and ran across this page in WikiPedia full of variations on my namesake.

By the way, Petawatts has nothing to do with my disdain for the sometimes crazy tactics of the animal rights group.

So have a few watts on me:

Yoctowatt (10-24 watt)

Zeptowatt (10-21 watt)

Attowatt (10-18 watt)

Femtowatt (10-15 watt)

  • 2.5 fW – Tech: minimum discernible signal at the antenna terminal
    of a good FM radio
    receiver

  • 10 fW (-110 dBm) – Tech: approximate lower limit of power reception
    on digital spread-spectrum cell phones

Picowatt (10-12 watt)

  • 1 pW – BioMed: average power consumption of a human cell
  • 2.5 pW – BioMed: Sound intensity per square centimeter for average
    human threshold of hearing at 1000 Hz; 1 phon
    or 0 dB SPL

  • 150 pW – BioMed: Power entering a human eye from a 100 watt lamp 1
    km away

Nanowatt (10-9 watt)

  • 2-15nW – Tech: Power consumption of some PIC Microcontroller chips
    such as the PIC12F683 when in "sleep" mode. (actual consumption
    when sleeping depends on voltage supply used, see data sheet, Electrical
    Characteristics section).

Microwatt (10-6 watt)

Milliwatt (10-3 watt)

  • 5 mW – Tech: laser in a CD-ROM
    drive

  • 5-10 mW – Tech: laser in a DVD
    player

  • 100 mW – Tech: laser in a CD-R
    drive

Watt

1 Watt = 1 amp x
1 volt of electrical power

  • 5 W – Legal: maximum power output of a CB
    or hand-held radio transmitter

  • 20-40 W – BioMed: approximate power consumption of the human brain
  • 30-40 W – Tech: the power of the typical household tube light
  • 60 W – Tech: the power of the typical household light
    bulb

  • 82 W – Tech: peak power consumption of Pentium
    4
    CPU

  • 100 W – BioMed: approximate average power used by the human
    body

  • 120 W – Tech: power output of 1 m2 solar
    panel
    in full sunlight

  • 253 W (2,215 kWh/year)
    - Geo: per capita average power use of the world in 2001

  • 290 W – Units: approximately 1000 BTU/hour
  • 300-400 W – Tech: typical PC
    power supply

  • 400 W – Tech: legal limit of power output of an amateur
    radio
    station in the United
    Kingdom

  • 500 W – BioMed: power output of a person working hard physically
  • 745.7 W – Units: 1 horsepower
  • 750 W – Astro: the amount of sunshine falling on a square metre of
    the Earth’s surface on a clear day

  • 900 W – BioMed: power output of a healthy human (non-athlete)
    averaged over the first 6s of a 30s cycle sprint. [1]

Kilowatt (103 watt)

  • 1.366 kW – Astro: power received from the Sun
    at the Earth‘s
    orbit by one
    square metre

  • 1.39 kW (12.2 MWh/year) – Geo: per capita average power use in the U.S.
    in 2003

  • 1.5 kW – Tech: legal limit of power output of an amateur
    radio
    station in the United
    States

  • up to 2 kW – BioMed: approximate short time power output of
    sprinting professional cyclists

  • 1 kW to 2 kW – Tech: heat output of a domestic electric kettle.
  • 3.3-6.6 kW – Eco: average photosynthetic
    power output per square
    kilometer
    of ocean
    [2]

  • 30 kW – power generated by the four motors of GEN H-4 one man helicopter
  • 16-32 kW – Eco: average photosynthetic power output per square
    kilometer of land
    [3]

  • 50 kW to 100 kW – Tech: ERP
    of clear
    channel
    AM

  • 40 kW to 200 kW – Tech: approximate range of power output of
    typical automobiles

  • 167 kW – Tech: power consumption of UNIVAC
    1
    computer

  • 250 kW – Tech: highest allowed ERP
    for an FM
    band
    radio
    station
    in the United
    States
    .

  • 250 kW to 800 kW – Tech: approximate range of power output of ‘Supercars

Megawatt
(106 watt)

The productive capacity of electrical generators operated by utility
companies is often measured in MW. Few things can sustain the transfer or
consumption of energy on this scale; some of these events or entities include:
lightning strikes, naval craft (such as aircraft
carriers
and submarines),
engineering hardware, and some scientific research equipment (such as the supercollider
and large lasers).

For reference, about 10,000 100-watt lightbulbs or 5,000 computer systems
would be needed to draw 1 megawatt. Also, 1 MW equals approximately 1341 horsepower.
Modern high-powered diesel-electric
railroad locomotives
typically have a peak power output of 3–5 MW, whereas a typical modern nuclear
power plant
produces on the order of 500–2000 MW peak output.

Gigawatt (109 watt)

Terawatt (1012 watt)

  • 1.7 TW – Geo: average electrical power consumption of the world in 2001
  • 3.327 TW – Geo: average total (gas, electricity, etc) power
    consumption of the U.S.
    in 2001

  • 13.5 TW – Geo: average total power consumption of the human world
    in 2001

  • 44 TW – Geo: average total heat flux from earth’s interior (See
    figure in http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/9/7/16/1)

  • 75 TW – Eco: based on global net
    primary production
    (= biomass
    production) via photosynthesis

  • 50 to 200 TW – Weather: rate of heat energy release by a hurricane
  • In "Star Trek: The Next Generation", the warp core of the
    fictitious Enterprise-D was able to produce a maximum power output into the
    Terawatt range.

Petawatt (1015 watt)

Exawatt (1018 watt)

  • 1 EW – Astro: Approximate power generated between the surfaces of
    Jupiter and its moon Io due to Jupiter’s tremendous magnetic field.

Zettawatt (1021 watt)

Yottawatt (1024 watt)

  • 5.3 YW – Tech: Power produced by the Tsar
    Bomba
    fusion bomb, the most powerful device ever made

  • 386 YW – Astro: Luminosity
    of the Sun

Greater than Yottawatt

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One Response to Yottawatts

  1. Lon says:

    And all named after James Watt.

    An interesting thing I learned in engineering and math classes in college was that many of our units are named after scientists and engineers. This is especially true in electonics.

    Some examples… volts (Volta), amps-ampere (Ampere), farads-charge capacity (Faraday), coloumbs- a unit of charge (Coloumb), just to name a few.

    You often run across the same names when learning both higher math and physics, which shows how brilliant many of these guys were.

    Lon

    **** Moderators response:

    BTW James Watt invented the steam engine amongst other things.

    And a few others names like Roentgens, for radiation.(some bunker humor going on there) Roentgen discovered the X-ray.

    On the bunker, are you still “sheltering in place”? Do you need an air-drop of Celebration Ales?

Comments are closed.