Guest essay by Eric Worrall
Another day, another bizarre claim about global warming – this time a study which claims that global warming is making our children shorter.
According to a study performed by scientists from [Johns] Hopkins University and Bloomberg School of Medicine;
“El Niño is responsible for natural disasters and infectious disease outbreaks worldwide. During the 1997–1998 El Niño, northern Peru endured extreme rainfall and flooding. Since short stature may occur as a result of undernutrition or repeated infections during childhood, both of which are highly prevalent during natural disasters, we sought to determine if the 1997–1998 El Niño had an adverse effect on stature and body composition a decade later. In 2008–2009, we measured height, weight, and bioimpedance in a random sample of 2,095 children born between 1991 and 2001 in Tumbes, Peru.
Results
Height-for-age increased by 0.09 SD/year of birth between 1991 and 1997 (P < 0.001), indicating overall improvements in health over time in the study area; however, this rate fell to 0.04 SD/year of birth during and shortly after El Niño, less than half the rate prior to El Niño (P = 0.046). Height shortfalls were even greater in children residing in households most likely to be flooded after El Niño. Any improvement over time was completely blunted and became negative in children living in households with flood likelihoods of ≥7% (P = 0.001). In the subset of 912 children with bioimpedance measurements, those born after the onset of El Niño had less lean mass (P < 0.001), whereas fat mass was unaffected (P = 0.48).
Conclusions
”Children born during and after 1997–1998 El Niño were on average shorter and had less lean mass for their age and sex than expected had El Niño not occurred. The effects of El Niño on health are long lasting and, given its cyclical nature, may continue to negatively impact future generations.”
The study: http://www.climatechangeresponses.com/content/1/1/7
Of course, if Peru had a modern, rich, industrial economy, perhaps the Peruvian people could afford enough food, so they wouldn’t suffer nutritional shortages when floodwater messed up the household cabbage patch. But this would require evil infusions of large scale commercial investment – an unlikely prospect, given the local Peruvian political climate.
Why am I several inches taller than my twin brother ?
Are you wearing heels?
Only at weekends.
… when I go dancing.
Diet?
I was rather small at the age of 14 so, wanting to be taller, I binged on extra milk and meat for about 4 years. I ended up at 6′ 1″ while all my brothers are around 5′ 10″. But then I more resemble my mother’s side of the family (German/Irish) while my shorter brothers more resemble my father’s side (Italian). Diet/genetics?
because he is shorter than you….. 🙂
thanks dma lol. ( and also the Heels on weekends etc!) and to a later post by humourme , you didn’t.
An interesting study, but – I suggest – one that may not have captured all the variables. Local diseases: check. But . . .
Parental stature?
Political constraints?
Local migration, perhaps?
I am sure that other effects might be espoused.
Doesn’t make this bad [I’ve not reviewed the full paper] but the abstract does raise queries . . . . . . .
Might this be – “Send more grant money”? Maybe not.
May be not.
Auto.
Actually, the Abstract does not appear to blame global warming. Unless our climate obsessed friends now blame CO2 for El Nino’s. Which also would mean CO2 can travel back in time, since they have occurred for as long as the Pacific ocean has had its present geographic shape. I guess this is a question for Bob Tisdale, but could the case be made that El Nino events have actually weakened the past decade or so?
Hunter,
See the paper’s conclusion HERE. They blame “Some investigators”.
Well of course there is the acknowledgmenent of the CO2 devil……..
The existence of the sentence “Some investigators hypothesize…” in the conclusion section can only be read as an editorial endorsement of those hypotheses, or even of the elevation of those hypotheses to theories.
Given that, the chain of implied causation here is simply amazing. Global warming causes more El Ninos. More El Ninos cause more Peruvian floods. More Peruvian floods cause increased malnutrition and disease. More malnutrition and disease causes Peruvian children to not grow quite as fast.
So, better water storage that could mitigate both floods and droughts is the answer? Let’s not forget about Peruvian children during non-El Nino drought years. Surely they could suffer malnutrition if crops are inhibited by drought, too, no? And what about in a perfect weather year, when an outbreak of some childhood disease bends the curve in a year they didn’t study? Omigod! We need better Peruvian doctors and nurses! We need a bigger Peruvian Child Protective Services budget!
Then the conclusion states “…it is imperative that we continue to explore the extent to which they [those slightly shorter Peruvian children] are affected to design prevention strategies and target aid and relief during future El Niño episodes.” Well, clearly the researchers want more money. But what prevention strategies are they talking about? More international trade in food stuffs? Carbon dioxide emission reductions? Better levees, dams and irrigation systems in Peru?
We need to reduce the funding to the NIH and NSF so that taxpayer money isn’t wasted on this kind of bulls**t science.
This paper doesnt say Global Warming shrunk kids. It says that El Nino did. The statistical tests look pretty reasonable and the causation makes sense. The link to global warming is quite tentative (” Some investigators hypothesize that global warming will translate into more frequent El Niño episodes” in the conclusion) and ends by saying we should do more to combat the effects of bad weather on poor children. It does the sceptic camp no good to brand such anodyne analysis and prescriptions as alarmist.
humourme,
do you know what made El Ninos stronger in the past?
Humourme:
So they are advocating coping rather than ‘preventing’. That’s very sensible. One could as well make the same argument showing cold crop seasons reduce the availability of food with the same effect. Very reasonable. Real science. Who know food affected health??
The only thing I see wrong with the test is the statement that El Nino is a ‘cycle’. The idea that El Ninos will become more frequent is interesting. I wonder if they have some indication that they were less frequent during the Little Ice Age and more frequent during the MWP.
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There have always been and always will be el Ninos. Why the excitement?
To me, this is the insidious part of the “global warming/climate change” advocacy.
The paper may not say “global warming” or even state “climate change”, but anything that happens in the world of weather gets an implied link to the “climate change” meme. If something is linked to “climate change” then it is linked to “global warming” which is linked to CAGW by C02. Doesn’t matter if it is a subtle linking or out right blatant, the inferred connection is there.
Another part of the insidiousness – a claim that the North Pole will be ice free for the first time in 50 million years goes around the world while the correction stating that it is a very normal occurrence that has happened numerous times in the past gets hidden in the back page of the newspaper.
Since El Nino has been around well before that region was “settled” it is interesting that after the 98 one the growth rate should have dropped. If there is a real relationship rather then just coincidence. Did this one cause more associated misery then usual?
Diet would come to mind first and if crops failed after the event for some time then it is possible that growth is affected of course, but why this time and not at other times also? Did they cut down on hormone levels in meat around that time?
Perhaps the growth rate of Peruvian children accelerates after the age of 10-12 compared to the average growth rate from baby to adulthood. The before El Nino versus after El Nino 98 ages.
Boys in particular have this spurt from 14/15 on. Anything known about that for that region.
Looks like cherry picking results so we can go back to the funding board as there “could” be an AGW related issue here. To be sure we need a test that runs for at least 30 years. Which would mean that my job is secure till retirement, thank you sir/madam.
outheback
“Which would mean that my job is secure till retirement, thank you sir/madam.”
Thank you.
I agree that – potentially – thus could be an outcome.
I am sure science is above money-grubbing of the sort suggested.
Isn’t it?
Auto
How does this study explain the reduction in lean mass while at the same time body fat is not reduced significantly?
It seems to me that you have to be ingesting excess calories in order to maintain body fat given no change in physical activity. Is the El Nino causing a reduction in dietary protein, or does it cause increased laziness?
How does this study explain the reduction in lean mass while at the same time body fat is not reduced significantly?
It seems to me that you have to be ingesting excess calories in order to maintain body fat given no change in physical activity. Is the El Nino causing a reduction in dietary protein, or does it cause increased laziness?
Why does my comment appear twice when I only posted once?
Poverty makes you more likely to suffer from ill health and nutritional effects. Doh!
Same could be said for the cold.
They have not considered the effect of warfare on height. Napoleon famously reduced the average height of French men by 5 centimetres in just over a decade by conscripting every tall strapping young man and killing them in the battles or frozen wastes of Russia.
As we the Hip and Yip know from the 60’s, war is not good for children and other living things.
Yup, and the US is on track for a reduction in “average height” by the next census …. given the fact that that 20+- million new “shorty” illegal immigrants will then be “citizenized”.
Crispin in Waterloo
December 1, 2014 at 4:47 am
“They have not considered the effect of warfare on height. ”
That’s a nice way to describe the swinging action of a Zweihänder sword.
Yet another stupidly useless waste of taxpayer’s money. When will this sçàt stop ?
We have more natural disasters here Oz than almost anywhere in the world. Since moving here I have noticed far more people taller than me than anywhere else I have been, and I’ve been a lot of places. I am 192cm / 6′ 2″.
Obviously natural disasters cause taller people!
Jerome, if you are 192cm tall you are closer to 6’4”. Before I shrank, I was 191cm rounded to 6’3”. Alas, tall people have more to lose as age affects their spine so now I’m back to a measly 189cm. As for people shrinking due to the Little Ice Age, this appears to be borne out by the height of doorframes in Middle Ages homes in UK, which were a real chore for a visitor from Oz like me.
El Nino must have made Peruvian children into dwarfs back in the day. Oh the horror!
jimbo: Your ability to research the internet for adequate data.
but more: filter the threads topic for basic informations required.
Astounding. Thanks for documenting real ground.
Hans
When will it ever end. Height and weight depends on diet, breeding and such. Men from Kentucky couldn’t fight in the Civil War for the Drought in the early 1800s cause diseases and many lost their teeth to things like Scurvy, Discintary and such.
Thus, they lost their teeth which made things even worst for to be in the Civil War, one had to bite off the pre-measured gunpowder packets for their muskets. Thus Kentucky sat out the war.
When the US entered the first World War, some were captured and placed amongst the local population in a propaganda photo. It backfired. Do to inbreeding of white European races in the USA and better Diet, the US soldiers stood at least 12 to 18 inches taller than the local inbred German population.
To blame this on climate change is just another example of poor research, assumptions and of course, conclusions.
Show them to the door.
Paul Pierett
That’s quite a difference, Paul. So compared to our 6-footers, the German men averaged 4’6″ to 5′ tall?
Last 3 generations here in Germany saw big gains in height, so yes, Germans around 1914 probably were pretty short on average.
Germany at that time had a population explosion, and, being densely populated, the Reich was running out of arable land – crops at that time had a much lower yield, and a lot of land was needed for feedstock.
So the Reich set up the Ukraine as a future grain source – ca. 1905 – ; and later, Hitler fantasized of Lebensraum im Osten, planning to colonize the slawic lands to the East with German settlers – undeterred by the fact they were already inhabited by someone else.
In the age before international trade with mega ships, food supply was a serious issue even for an upcoming industrial powerhouse like the Reich in 1914.
But at least the world will smell nicer:
Could global warming make our flowers smell nine times sweeter?
Here is another tall story Or is that short?
Japanese population started to increase in height when they included a western diet.
Here in Britain, we are seeing young boys grow taller and young girls have bigger boobs. You can’t help but notice it…that boys are taller, I mean.
I thought that was due to the hormones in milk….the boobs I mean.
The paper doesn’t specifically blame “global warming”, but it doesn’t need to. Notice the site is called “Climate Change Responses”. “Climate Change”, of course is shorthand for “manmade climate change”.
Those of us who have seen a couple of 6 foot tall 14 year olds consume a large chicken, cooked for the whole family, will consider global warming a blessing.
I have one of those at home too. Just a hair away from being taller than me, to his delight
A couple of 6′ 14 year olds devouring one chicken, wow you are lucky I have ONE 14 year old 5’10” do that!
Look chaps this WUWT post on El Nino was a way for the authors to get quick funding. Just the hint of global warming makes their lives easier. Who can blame them. Here is their conclusion:
I have already shown how El Ninos were stronger in the past with less that 350ppm. So it might do the same again without any help from man.
This finding is DIASTROUS:
for John Hopkins University and for Bloomberg School of Medicine.
Both institutions have now achieved ZERO credibility.
If it makes people shorter, then let’s start polluting away! Because it is not working by any stretch of the imagination.
El Nino, La nina, at this point, “what difference does it make, I am still growing taller then my hair.
Hottest year ‘evah’ BBC.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-30225511
The Ghost Of Big Jim Cooley,
Is it just a coincidence that the BBC article is about UN climate negotiators meeting in Peru?
Here is the dire effect of global warming since the end of the Little Ice Age.
In good old French fashion they finally didn’t have to “carry” the weight.
How does this compare with the dinosaurs who go bigger when the climate was warmer? I am 5′ 10″ my father was 5′ 6″ my son (who was born in 1995) is 6′ 2″
The only stunted development AGW is responsible for is the minds of the “scientists” who continually peddle this rubbish!
You have just got to wonder who is footing the bills for all these ‘determined outcome’ studies.
They ain’t spendin’ their own money.
…and they don’t have any adult supervision
I swear I saw a report in my paper (Telegraph – I get it for the crossword)that before too long, we will all be sort of brown coloured, the men having longer …. Erm …. Appendages and women having more “perky” ….. Erm …. thingies. I am sure it must have been peer-reviewed, but I fear I cannot give chapter and verse. Could have been Leviticus?
Tanning booths, appliances and cosmetic surgeries… I’d better call my broker and invest.
Reblogged this on gottadobetterthanthis and commented:
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A good indicator that global warming is simply alarmism is the fact that it is said to be responsible for everything. While the statement here isn’t actually blaming global warming, it does pretend warmth caused during El Nino causes people to be shorter. Perhaps these people need some fossil fuel so they can run air conditioners. More importantly, they need petrol and a strong economy (and protected property rights and general freedoms) in order to be able to overall better their lives. Then they will be equipped to deal with mother nature as they see fit.
In general, global warming is blamed for most everything. http://dailysignal.com/2009/11/17/global-warming-ate-my-homework-100-things-blamed-on-global-warming/
Note, measured global warming is less than our ability to reliably measure temperature. Here is a more updated list with a note indicating how much warming there is on an average annual basis. http://whatreallyhappened.com/WRHARTICLES/globalwarming2.html
This article is another example of acedemia looking right past policy and blaming nature for folks struggling in the third world.
oops… academia
and wouldn’t you know, right on schedule for Lima!
UN climate talks begin as global temperatures break records
BBC News-2 minutes ago
NOAA: 2014 is shaping up as hottest year on record
CNN – Nov 30, 2014
Australia has hottest spring on record as temperatures soar
BBC News – 2 hours ago
Australia sweats over extreme hot weather
BBC News – 14 hours ago
CNN and BBC. Factual, trusted and fearless broadcasting as always. Fighting the good fight against global governance and anti-democracy elites attempting to dominate our civilization and subjugate our sovereignty. Gotta love ‘em.
Once again this idea that we should be surprised that the warmest years are at the back end of a warming trend. If I were to save £100 per month for a year then reduced it to 1p per month for each consequent month every month would have a record balance, the rate at which the balance was increasing would have dropped enormously however. One might even say the rate of increase was statistically insignificant 😉
They’re getting the announcements in before December takes the shine off the records.
“Some investigators hypothesize that global warming will translate into more frequent El Niño episodes..”
More frequent El Nino decreases the upper OHC causing longer term cooling. El Nino is a negative feedback (with a large overshoot) to low solar plasma forcing, and cooling from stratospheric volcanic aerosol events.
I’m 5 foot 10. I’m sure my 20 y.o. son (6 foot 3) would agree with this cr4p if stopped laughing long enough. As would his 19 y.o. best friend (6 foot 6). Lols.
Or the meme “Global warming has “obviously” increased average life expectancy in developed countries by ten years from 1950 to 2007″!
Correlation is NOT causation!
Contrast the change in life expectancy with dietary changes since the end of World War II
Change in average life expectancy in major developed countries
Similarly consider Japanese stature since 1950
Errata: Change in average life expectancy in major developed countries
http://www8.cao.go.jp/syokuiku/data/eng_pamph/pdf/pamph3.pdf
bring it on. Tall folks are inefficient, require more resources, bigger vehicles, heftier aircraft seats, more leg room and more food.
The dinosaurs were 1st……and it continues….
“Climate Change” (manmade, of course) is the ultimate scapegoat for all things bad. It’s really no fifferent than how the gods being angry, or witches were blamed for bad things. Even haggis is “threatened”. Some might say good riddance, but still, it’s “threatened”.
Thanks for the “haggis” link. You had me worried. I notice part of the prize for winning the haggis eating contest is a bottle of whiskey – that being about the only thing not (yet) on the ‘warmlist’. Life is good.
Never mind about the relative length of our various appendages.
The really serious item on the block is the impending end of the world
Over at http://www.joannova.com.au the past aus chief scientist(?) Says the world will end on Thursday.
I hope you are not doing aIsything important like me such as golfing.
You left off the “e” in joanne: http://joannenova.com.au/
Sickening idiocy.
Food, protein. Yep, they help make bigger people. That’ll be $67.
Their conclusion smells of ‘post hoc, ergo propter hoc’ argument
The authors cleverly avoided any reference in the paper to actual heights at all. What is 0.05 SD in real money? Let’s say we’re talking about a 100 cm tall child, let’s also say the SD for children of that height is 5 cm; 0.05 SD is 2.5 mm. Is this the order of magnitude change we are talking about?
I guess I know why real heights are never mentioned in the paper. It all makes good work for the academic to do – whatever its real value to society.
I wonder how they dealt with measurement error?
Not to mention the children born prior to the EL Nino event are all past puberty and nearly all full grown. The post El Nino children (1998-2001) are ages 13-16 and are just entering the final stages of growth when children often undergo most of their physical development, especially males. They should have consulted a 6th grade science class to design a proper study.
Actually the post El Nino children were all pre-puberty at the time of the study, which is even worse. The years just prior to puberty are when people grow the least.
It’s interesting the height is presented in hundredths of Standard deviation. Is it so hard to say height is reduced by x amount of inches or centimeters? Is the statistical bubble so intoxicating and heady that having a relationship with reality is no longer necessary?
Yep I get it, get some numbers on some stuff, ignore related factors, ignore specific effects since statistical anomalies are more interesting and come up with some random speculation and conclusions.
Well why would you need that, it would impede jumping to obvious conclusions. Do we really need statistical evidence to show in poor or un-industrialized areas of the globe, children’s health is negatively impacted during times of natural disaster? I do not see how knowing 0.09 SD/year buys those children anything. I hear war zones are not too good for children either. Let’s get some statistics on that.
Contrary to the myopic, this paper does indeed point fingers at climate change which has nothing to do with the negative impacts of natural disasters on children’s health. Otherwise why put it on a website called “ClimateChangeResponse” and explicitly state investigators tie worsening results to climate change in their conclusion? Rhetorical question, no answer needed.
Meanwhile if Climate change affects human height, then Japan is an example of the enormously positive affect climate change has. Sound ridiculous? Well of course, which is why tying the health impacts of natural disasters to climate change is lampooned here.
Using Std. Dev. as a measure seems like an odd choice. In manufacturing anything within +/- 2 SD wasn’t worth looking at, we called it normal variation.
The hard part of science is drawing the conlusions. I see several saying they have done a good job and shouldn’t be put upon by sceptics:
“…to explore the extent to which they are affected to design prevention strategies and target aid and relief during future El Niño episodes.”
Do they actually think it is entirely due to El Nino episodes? It’s due to effects on nutrition due to disasters. Target aid and relief when necessary! They seem unaware that hurricanes are largely spawned during El Ninas and earthquakes, of which Peru has had some of the strongest there are, probably locally, worse than rain.
http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/lanina/
” A significant relationship is found between the ENSO cycle and U.S. hurricane losse s, with La Niña years exhibiting much more damage. ”
And the Chimbote and Nasca earthquakes (Feb and Nov 1996) were 7.5 on the Richter scale and were accompanied by substantial damaging Tsunami. Yeah, let’s target all the disasters. Good study as far as it went but still worthy of sceptical criticism.
I grew 2 inches during my sophomore year in college. Had not grown much at all since freshman year of high school. Beer and Jim Beam was what done it. Kids are smoking too much grass and not drinking enough.
I love the smell of desperation in the morning. It smells like….victory.
Keep the inane studies coming alarmists it’s only making our point.
Don’t worry. This particular effect of global warming is limited to Peru. To global Peru.
A certain popular nat. news network that I tend to watch has a health segment and the doc went on and on yesterday about how gullible warming and the link to testicular cancer and the like is very much the cause. Of course I was sitting there watching with my daughter…sigh. Unsure what disturbed me more the casual talk and direct linkage of global warming and mens private parts or just the fact that the resident doc was so convinced and alarmed of it!
If all you have is a hammer everything looks like a nail.
He knows about testicles.
And so he talks of such with respect to the climate.
…and the shrinkage begins at the brain hitting the science-related processes and awareness first.
Did I miss the source of their information that natural disasters are increasing I cant really get that from this:
http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/pix/user_images/gav/historical_storms/Simplified_TSER_fiveyr_small.gif
Figure 1: Atlantic tropical storms lasting more than 2 days have not increased in number. Storms lasting less than two days have increased sharply, but this is likely due to better observations. Figure adapted from Landsea, Vecchi, Bengtsson and Knutson (2009, J. Climate)
Here’s better perspective:
http://policlimate.com/tropical/global_major_freq.png
ROFLMAO – “…adjusted for missing records…” (AKA: we made this crap up).
That’s it! I am going back to University complete my postgrad studies, and get a grant on my paper: “Male Pattern Baldness-and AGW/Climate change: we’re all going to dieee!!” (But there won’t be any males with hair first muahahah!!)
that sucker ought to be worth a cool half Mil $..
Did they draw this conclusion from a sample size of ONE YEAR (1998)?
Look at the ages of people in their study group. The pre-El Nino group are ages 23-17 and the post El Nino group is 16-13. They were 18-12 and 11-8 years of age respectively at the time of the study. So one group has entered puberty and has entered or finished the final stages of physical maturity whereas the younger group are still mostly pre-puberty and it just so happens that children grow the least just prior to puberty.
I just completely shredded the results of this study apart in 5 minutes but this passed peer-review? Science is being seriously abused these days.
So the Watusi’s in equatorial Africa should be a lot shorter?
Contrary conclusion could be drawn at least in the Netherlands, but also elsewhere http://www.randalolson.com/wp-content/uploads/historical-median-male-height.png.
Wait, I thought that size didn’t matter. So confused.
Just measure in centimeters- You’ll get a bigger number.
stop it you two, you are hard on key boards and I prefer to swallow my beer!
About the only firm conclusion that can be derived from such prat reviewed pseudo science is that due to the internet, an increasingly wide range of the public are becoming aware that a whole section of the science industry has become totally infatuated with it’s own apparent cleverness but is becoming seriously demeaned and debased in the eyes of an increasingly cynical and disillusioned public.
IN australia our kids are getting taller IT must be because we are upside down or maybe eating too many chicken nuggets
My high school basketball team starting lineup my junior year: 6’7″(me), 6’6″, 6’5″, 6’3″, 5’11″….from a rural community population 520 (my graduation class…46). Two other small town schools in our conference didn’t have a single player over 6’1″ on their roster, only one of the nine had a player over 6’3″.
Interesting thing, after my class (4 of the 5 starters listed, the 6’6″ player was a senior) our school only produced 2 more kids over 6’1″, which can probably be partially blamed on shrinking class sizes (I’m 58, so that was a while ago).
Too bad I wasn’t schooled in grant mining…..might have gotten a grant to study why our town’s kids were shrinking…..
Don’t they behead people there too?
Just for the record, I am shorter now than I was in 1996. I also have a bit larger girth. Under the “business as usual” scenario of the IPCC it seems, if my model is correct and I live to 2070, I will be about the shape of a soccer ball. For that and my age, I’ll be famous!
My wife told me I need to get “in shape”. I told her “round is a shape”.
I’m the ‘all-round’ sportsman type.
Severe rainfall and floods disrupt agricultural production in small rural villages.
Children from these rural villages born during the period of disrupted crops show signs of malnutrition.
And…?
Rainfall effects genetics on a decade scale due to “man made global warming” you see it’s all so crystal clear! why bother going to school.
I just tried to find a Mercedes Benz add that they used in print media about 20 years ago, but I failed.
It pictured a line-up of people of the day and their cars. On the one end, there was a very early model, probably late 1800s (first Benz 1880?) and a dude that looked about 1.50m short (tall?!) in some dorky Charly Chaplin-look-a-like outfit. And so it went on, with every new generation of cars, the car depicted was slightly bigger than the previous model, and so was the driver depicted with it. At the other end of the line up, there was a contemporary Mercedes S class (I believe), and a fairly tall dude to go with it…
The body armours on display in the museum at my local castle are so small, you can’t fit them on a ‘normal’ 12 year old European kid; makes you wonder how they conquered Europe and the rest of it… so arguably, we are too tall anyway.
What would really shrink our kids would be to give in to the agenda of extreme environmentalists. If they are successful in making the cost of energy skyrocket, restricting land and water use, and forcing us all to become vegan, we will all shrink to the point that most of us will completely disappear.
It’s some irony that they did a study on height in Peru. If you’ve ever been there, you could not help but notice that people are really, really short.
Typo: “John” Hopkins University should be “Johns” Hopkins University. Actually The Johns Hopkins University, if you want to be precise.
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