Story submitted by Eric Worrall
In further indications of global warming induced cold, Niagara Falls has frozen over for a second time this winter.
With even colder conditions forecast, it looks unlikely to thaw anytime soon.
Which model predicted that global warming would cause vast waterfalls to freeze solid in winter?
h/t Ice Age Now
Sure looks pretty… COLD!
Obviously we can see water still rushing over the falls so what is the criteria to say when it is frozen over?
As someone who lives a 1/2 hr or so away from the Niagara Falls, I can verify that global warming, is freezing our a$$es off. Can’t afford ridiculous energy prices. We need global warming, just to survive!!!
Waiting for Nick Stokes to argue it didn’t really “freeze” over.
Oh my! That is something!
Spectacular photos! 🙂 Maybe this global-warming-causing-freezing isn’t so bad after all. ;->
DR says:
March 4, 2014 at 5:38 pm
Waiting for Nick Stokes to argue it didn’t really “freeze” over.
_______________________________________________
In which case global warming doesn’t cause freezing. QED.
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Any update on the great Lakes freezing over?
Told ya so! Thanks for the up date.
Seems as though the only thing that global warming can’t do is to warm the planet.
This all reminds me of when I was a lad and nuclear radiation could do practically anything –
power the world, destroy the world, mutate all life forms into monsters, end all life on planet Earth.
It could do it all. Back then Hollywood tried to scare the folks about nuclear radition for fun and profit. Nowadays our corrupt scientists use global warming fears to do the same thing,for approximately the same reasons. We’ve come a long way , Baby.
It’s probably freezing some deadly virus! lol
If global warming causes cooling and we want to avoid further warming, then shouldn’t we induce more warming for cooling? Uuhh ,err… anyway spectacular pictures.
Looks melted in the live web cam from the Hilton:
http://www.niagarafallslive.com/niagara_falls_webcam.htm
The Great Lakes are over 90% frozen.
This one lists 91%:
http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/res/glcfs/lice-00.gif
This one listed 90.5% yesterday, but is at 86.2% today (wind maybe?):
http://coastwatch.glerl.noaa.gov/webdata/cwops/webdata/glsea2/glsea_cur.png
One more polar intrusion and hell will freeze over! A few more winters like this and the Great Ice Mountains will begin growing once more. They didn’t come down from the north, they grew in place. pg
Thanks Eric. What a beautiful, cold spectacle.
pg Sharrow – Hell HAS frozen over !
It’s so cold that now HELL has frozen over: Michigan town falls victim to record cold temperatures
• Temperatures in the small town of Hell in Michigan yesterday plunged to -13C, with a wind chill of -33C
• The 200 residents of Hell have been cut off by frozen snow and have been helping each other keep warm
• Much of the Midwest and east of the country has been badly hit by the winter storm Hercules
• Several cities have come to a standstill with residents urged to stay inside their homes for their own safety
• As well as Michigan, Chicago and Detroit have been badly hit by the cold polar vortex
By Suzannah Hills
PUBLISHED: 09:12 GMT, 8 January 2014 | UPDATED: 02:36 GMT, 9 January 2014
The Arctic front sweeping across the United States has got so cold that Hell has literally frozen over.
As winter storm Hercules swept across the north of the country, the small town of Hell in Michigan saw temperatures plunge to -13C, with a wind chill of -33C.
The sub-zero polar air caused snow several feet deep to freeze over – cutting off the 200 residents of Hell. Shops in the town have been forced to close up while snowed in neighbors helped each other stay warm.
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2535709/Its-cold-HELL-frozen-Michigan-town-falls-victim-record-cold-temperatures.html#ixzz2v3FsIKkq
To borrow the words from Bob Tisdale,,, BURRRR!
[To be accurate, the mods note that Bob Tisdale actually said:
Not BURRRR. Mod]
Obviously, very local, short-term weather is what caused a massive lake system containing some large fraction of the world’s fresh water to freeze over. But if it’s 3° over normal for a half of an hour in Canberra, that’s definitely part of a long-term trend.
That picture is quite amazing! But don’t worry – climate scientists are predicting an ice-free Niagra Falls this summer…
This should compete with the 1911 picture that has been sent around before.
The live Hilton Cam is HORSESHOE FALLS…Canadian Side.
Some years ago a female scientist predicted, 15 years of colder winters were enough to suggest that we are headed for a glacial period. If ice doesn’t melt enough in some areas or snow, it will build up.
For Australia and New Guinea, there were few glaciers, maybe some in the Southern Alps and one in Tasmania. But about 10,000 years ago, the big melt did see the beginnings of the monsoon belt, and the land bridges between PNG and Tasmania disappearing. The Aborigines nearly all around Australia mainland, then moved to coastal regions rather than inland to harvest sea food as well as other coastal or river resources. Never short of fresh water even in the interior where they knew where to get water as some water holes began to dry up. So welcome an increase in surface temperatures, 2 C is not a catastrophe, never was. More heat, and a silent sun, means more rain.
This is proof of global warming.
This is consistent with the predictions of global warming.
This is not inconsistent with the predictions of global warming.
That photograph is just proof that you are denying that the falls are flowing freely with warm water!!!
Waaaahhh!!!!
Some one with credibility should write an article regarding this, as this might silence objections from the alarmist group. Just a reminder of our recent weather on the Northern Tablelands of NSW. In Armidale we have lots of deciduous trees, but the last few days the temperatures outside have dropped to 10 C, yet daytime temps are around 26 C. Yet a few weeks ago, we had periods of heavy rain and increased humidity and temps nearing 30 C during the day. We have since March 1st entered our Autumn. I am watching the temps outside to protect my bonsai trees, whose water transpiration and drying up in their pots has lessened greatly in a matter of a few weeks.
It’s the climate change! But one expected, and we have to adjust accordingly. We will get frost for sure, but it is the snow that we worry about because it can close roads and cuts off Armidale for a few days. Luckily this rarely happens last time it was around 1985-1986. And it snowed in Tamworth too.
M. Hastings says:
March 4, 2014 at 5:35 pm
Obviously we can see water still rushing over the falls so what is the criteria to say when it is frozen over?
—————————————————-
Is that a trick question?
You would think that the freezing of the Niagara falls would increase tourism, if they could get there it is an ominous signal though. Does the water source create electricity supply?
Just in case, 1911:
http://urbanlegends.about.com/library/bl_niagara_falls_frozen.htm
Nick Stokes ploy
As y’all know hot water freezes faster
M. Hastings says:
March 4, 2014 at 5:35 pm
Obviously we can see water still rushing over the falls so what is the criteria to say when it is frozen over?
—————————————————-
Is that a trick question?
No I’m serious. I thought, and maybe incorrectly, that frozen over meant the falls were completely frozen over and was curious what the criteria was if not completely. All articles I have read today said it was frozen over but all said that water continued to flow. A lake that is frozen over doesn’t have any water breaks does it?
bushbunny says:
March 4, 2014 at 7:28 pm
You would think that the freezing of the Niagara falls would increase tourism,
======
If it goes up 2C it will lead to millions of climate deaths. Which are just like real deaths, except no one dies.
I apologize in advance if this is common knowledge here (fwiw I believe I’ve been commenting here since before the first SBOTY, and didn’t see it in related searches) but I stumbled over something today and was somewhat astounded.
Any time someone brings up Cook or Powell or Lewandosky or Connelley’s consensus nonsense, show them this: 1350 peer-reviewed papers questioning/criticizing AGW.
http://www.populartechnology.net/2009/10/peer-reviewed-papers-supporting.html
The water available at Niagara Falls is mostly channeled into the turbines. In the daytime enough water is allowed to flow over to keep the tourists happy and impressed. At night a far smaller water flow goes over and a huge reservoir is filled, to be used the following day.
The flow can literally be turned off at will with a combination of the reservoir and the turbines. When it is frozen there isn’t much point in letting much water flow over the lip.
Like most things at Niagara, it is mostly for show! Nothing wrong with that…
All the pictures of frozen falls appear to show the American falls, but 90% of the flow of the Niagara River goes over the Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side. So, unless the Horseshoe falls are frozen, perhaps the headline should have said “10% of Niagara Falls is frozen for the second time this winter”
LOL, salt water does not freeze as quickly as fresh water. The pour salt on iced roads to make it melt. Don’t ask me why? They would have to have a lot of salt, eh?
Crispin in Waterloo says:
March 4, 2014 at 7:55 pm
The water available at Niagara Falls is mostly channeled into the turbines. In the daytime enough water is allowed to flow over to keep the tourists happy and impressed. At night a far smaller water flow goes over and a huge reservoir is filled, to be used the following day.
The flow can literally be turned off at will with a combination of the reservoir and the turbines. When it is frozen there isn’t much point in letting much water flow over the lip.
Like most things at Niagara, it is mostly for show! Nothing wrong with that…
…………………………………………………………………………….
they also pump water up to a reservoir at night. turbines are spinning and excess electricity.
I am just down the road from you. might take a drive down there tomorrow and take some pictures.
but will the Falls be there in 4014? LOL.
4 Mar: Yahoo: AFP: Global warming may threaten World Heritage sites
The sightseer of 4014 may have to pay a virtual visit to the Tower of London or Statue of Liberty, said a climate study Wednesday that warned of dramatic ocean encroachment on heritage sites…
Out of more than 700 listed UNESCO World Heritage sites, nearly 140 risk being flooded in 2,000 years’ time, they projected in a study published in the journal Environmental Research Letters.
These also include the Sydney Opera House, Venice in Italy, Japan’s Hiroshima Peace Memorial and Robben Island in South Africa where Nelson Mandela was imprisoned for 18 years…
“Our analysis shows how serious the long-term impacts for our cultural heritage will be if climate change is not mitigated,” study co-author Anders Levermann from the Potsdam Institue for Climate Impact Research (PIK) said in a statement…
http://news.yahoo.com/future-warming-imperils-statue-liberty-003728838.html
Crispin;
“The flow can literally be turned off at will with a combination of the reservoir and the turbines.”
Sorry, but that is nonsense. There are “water intakes” upstream of the falls on both sides (USA and Canada). They can “siphon off” some of the water (about 10% at most), but they cannot “turn off” the Falls at will.
You should visit there sometime, yeah there is the usual “kitsch” stuff for the tourists, but there are very impressive and secluded spots as well. I like “Three Sisters islands” on the US side (off Goat Island) it’s right out there in the major water flow and it gives you a good appreciation for the amount of energy contained in that much flowing water. And, I met my future (and still) wife there, funny thing about Niagara Falls, since there is lots of open water in the winter it attracts “bird watchers” (my wife and I are both “twitchers” for you folks in the UK), yeah there are interesting birds there in the winter (purple sandpipers, lots of different Gulls, almost all of the Duck species). It has lots more to offer than the simple “tourist kitsch” stuff.
Cheers, Kevin.
Cold is the new hot.
The water moving will be coming from up stream of the falls. Anyway, if the electricity generator is not stopped, is there serious concerns?
It’s quite obvious, is it not, that lots of heat is hiding in that ice? I predict that it will cease hiding sometime this spring.
Then, watch out!!
Search the web for images. Nice. If you have not been there, then check maps or Google Earth so you understand how Lake Erie waters exit.
~~~~~~
It was colder in the UP than in Hell this winter.
http://www.crh.noaa.gov/news/display_cmsstory.php?wfo=mqt&storyid=100824&source=0
pat says:
March 4, 2014 at 8:31 pm
but will the Falls be there in 4014? LOL.
The escarpment is eroding upstream and liberal applications of concrete will protect it; assuming there is someone to do it, and assuming it isn’t buried by several hundreds of feet of ice. I’ve have projected that to occur about the year 3842, so no worries. LOL.
The Potsdam Institute (aka PIK) seems to be a German equivalent to the David Suzuki Foundation. Best to ignore them.
• The 200 residents of Hell have been cut off by frozen snow and have been helping each other keep warm
____________________________
Does that mean that Hell will have a population explosion later this year?
SR
If anyone claims that this is a sign of ‘climate change’ / ‘weird weather’ then please inform them that Niagara froze in late February 1935 too. I’m sure there are other dates. It’s just the weather as they say.
http://tinyurl.com/nsvflac
Tonight on World News with Diane Sawyer the lead story was about the big freeze over most of the US. The last story was scientists revived a 30,000 year old bacteria from ice. Overall conclusion and the last statement of the show? Global Warming is going to liberate (and revive) bacteria from glaciers, some of which could be deadly to humans.
What causes those big lumpy formations in front of the falls?
Something I’ve never really understood about climate change. Every year in Britain, we experience temperature fluctuations of +/-30degC during a normal seasonal year. We have floods, droughts, rain, snow, hail and sometimes even several consecutive days without any precipitation. Yet the birds still fly, the bugs still bite and the plants still grow, the trees shed leaves and grow them again, fruit grows and ripens, and the cycle goes on and on.
How does 0.6degC/decade actually pose any kind of threat or even long term change to our ecosystems?
Someone on Daily Mail comment section noted that if you look closely at the Niagara Falls photos, you can just make out The Maid of the Mist trapped in the ice, filled with a terrified band of Global Warming advocates trying to prove all this ice was faked.
LOL!!
bushbunny says:
March 4, 2014 at 7:02 pm
The Aborigines nearly all around Australia mainland, then moved to coastal regions rather than inland to harvest sea food as well as other coastal or river resources. Never short of fresh water even in the interior where they knew where to get water as some water holes began to dry up.
>>>
Prior to the melt Austral not only had no mainland glaciers it was actually extremely dry and covered in large part by sand dunes and gibber plains, and most the Great Barrier Reef lagoon area was a wide coastal dune field. It’s why Frazer Island is the largest sand Island and why Cape Flattery north of Cook town has 300 to 400 foot high sand dunes of almost pure silica that probably provided the silica in you computer’s CPU.
Australia was bone-dry in the interior and wracked by huge dust storms due to the lack of veg to protect soil (why our soils suck, no loess) and the sub-tropical high anti-cyclones became tropical and very strong (windy). And if you look at SAT images of Oz you can actually see the anti-cyclonic swirl in the dunes over the whole continent field. (aeolian fine detritus in Tasman Sea seds and NZ Alpine glaciers … red dust deposits from the outback).
So the Aboriginals would have (mostly) clung to the coastal more vegetated fringes. The Interior was like the sandy Sahara, but extremely cold too. Wasn’t until the the thaw that moisture levels came up and plants could colonize and freeze the dunes insitu, where we see them now.
tchannon says: “Nick Stokes ploy
As y’all know hot water freezes faster”
Hilarious!
I remember a reading study & test package we had in 3rd grade, where you picked a story, read it, then answered some questions. One story had Niagara Falls freezing in the 1930’s. As the story went, that year an ice dam upstream on the river actually stopped the water flowing for 2-3 days. Went home and told my mother the story and her response, “Yea, I saw that as a young girl.” Her grandparents lived in Beamsville, about 30 miles from the falls.
This is what she would have seen. http://i.huffpost.com/gen/1554068/thumbs/o-NIAGARA-FALLS-FROZEN-900.jpg.
So is it climate change when it keeps repeating?
You mean the NOAA police did not confiscate their cameras? It was probably too cold to go out for enforcement efforts.
With cold being the new hot, we might also expect water to flow up the falls next and with explanations from John Holdren at the WH.
KevinK: from the NF tourism site “Some people may not realize that between 9 pm and 8 am only 50% of the water that could go over Niagara Falls is diverted to produce electricity at hydro plants below the falls. The water is diverted by an open cut canal and tunnels located above the falls to these plants on both the U.S. and Canadian side of the border at Lewiston, New York and Queenston, Ontario. In the winter months another 25% is diverted allowing only one quarter of the water that could flow over Niagara Falls to do so.”
I believe the maximum amount of water that can flow nowadays is 80%. A few years back an environmentalist petitioned to have no diversion for 1 day every year. This was quickly quashed by the engineers who pointed out that this would wash away the various buildings and structures (e.g the MotM docks) and vegetation that have “sprouted” on the banks of the river since diversion started.
P.S. if you are in NF in the summer the Canadian Falls are neat to see first thing in the morning — when the sun is up and the diversion is at it maximum.
KevinK says:
March 4, 2014 at 8:36 pm
Crispin;
“The flow can literally be turned off at will with a combination of the reservoir and the turbines.”
Sorry, but that is nonsense. There are “water intakes” upstream of the falls on both sides (USA and Canada). They can “siphon off” some of the water (about 10% at most), but they cannot “turn off” the Falls at will.
taken a bit too literally.
I talked with a person who handles the Canadian side of things. A certain amount is mandated to go over the falls for the tourists. all the rest is split equally between Canada and the US. They could put more to the turbines but are not allowed to. in the past they did turn off the falls to clean up and inspect the area below the falls.
Lets Blame it on Russia….
Here’s and interesting article I found from February 2012 from a Russian Scientist predicting an ice age in 2014.
“Forecasters predict that a new ice age will begin soon. Habibullo Abdusamatov, a scientist from the Pulkovo Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences considers that the sharp drop in temperature will start on the Earth in 2014.”
“According to the scientist, our planet began to “get cold” in the 1990s. The new ice age will last at least two centuries, with its peak in 2055.”
http://russia-ic.com/news/show/13717
Thank you Anthony. They’ll make a pleasing series of desktop background pictures – to be alternated with the story of the ship of fools.
I was in NF around Xmas 1962(??) and the American Falls were completely frozen over- I could see no water.
Someone who lives there can tell us if that is a common occurrence.
Ian M
A few years back I was told that the Scottish ski industry was doomed. Now I am told that one resort is looking at options for opening for summer skiiing! It’s worse than we though and snowfall are a thing of th past in the UK. PS their ski lifts could not run due to depth of snow! Dr. Viner, the most excellent climate modeler, failed. Yet he is rewarded for his failure. What kind of country is the UK????? Rewarding failures!!!
@ M. Hastings
“What is the criterion” or “what are the criteria”.
General;
” in the past they did turn off the falls to clean up and inspect the area below the falls.”
Yes indeed, back about 1968 (or maybe 69). I did visit it when it (the “American Falls” only, not the much larger “Canadian” or “Horseshoe Falls”) was “turned off”. It required a temporary coffer dam upstream of the falls to divert the flow over to the Horseshoe Falls side. The water intakes for the Hydro project DO NOT have the capacity to turn off the Falls, no way, no how.
And;
“They could put more to the turbines but are not allowed to.”
Yes, there are international treaties (or maybe just agreements) about the volume of water each side can take from the main flow. And yes they flow more water in the daytime for the tourists enjoyment, And yes the turbines have a bit of “headroom” or extra capacity above the treaty limits. But again the hydro plants at Niagara Falls are not now, never where and never will be capable of “turning the falls off”.
Cheers, Kevin.
Mike, Ok, I retract my 10% figure. And I still assert that the ability to “turn off” the Falls with the hydro plants does not exist. Throttle it back yes, but OFF, NO.
There was a case back in the 50’s (maybe the 60’s) when an unpowered work barge broke away from it’s moorings above the falls with 2 (maybe more) workers on board. Since this was on the Canadian side, the hydro operators “violated” the treaty and let the maximum amount of water flow to the hydro project to slow down the flow. The workers also removed “drain plugs” in the bottom of the barge to intentionally sink it. Luckily these maneuvers worked and the barge foundered above the Falls. The workers where rescued via ropes shot out to the barge with cannons (I believe this was before the widespread use of helicopters). The barge is still there being too difficult to salvage.
Cheers, Kevin.
bushbunny,
Water starts to freeze at 0C and finishes freezing at 0C. Pure water thus has a freezing point.
But when you add a solute to water, the solution starts to freeze at one temperature and finishes freezing at another somewhat lower temperature. A solution, therefore, has a freezing range.
Here is a phase diagram for the salt-water system:
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/phaseeqia/salteutect1.gif
You can see that in a solution with around 10% salt, water will start to precipitate out as ice when the temperature drops to approximately -10C. And while that ice precipitates out of solution, the concentration of salt remaining in solution must increase. Thus, when the temperature of the system drops to around -21C, there will be 23.5% of salt remaining in solution.
At that point, the remaining salt and water precipitate out as a mechanical mixture of salt and ice crystals.
There is always 23.5% left at the end point, btw, as you can see on the graph. That point is called the eutectic, meaning “easily melting.”
If you had started the experiment with a 23.5% eutectic solution, you wold find only one freezing point, as with pure water, but at -21C. (easily melting)
Less than 23.5% is a hypo-eutectic solution, with water freezing out first as temperature drops
More than 23.5% is a hyper-eutectic solution, with the salt freezing out first.
And so the reason we put salt on icy roads is to convert a system with a freezing point of 0C into one with a freezing range that ends at the easily melting -21C.
You can throw some virtual salt at some virtual ice on this page if you want:
http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/solutions/faq/why-salt-melts-ice.shtml
😉
Ok, here is the barge I mentioned before;
https://maps.google.com/?ll=43.07286,-79.07041&z=17&t=h
If it was possible to “turn off” Niagara Falls, why did the workers on the barge intentionally sink it to save their lives ?
Cheers, Kevin.
Thanks all for info. Actually 39,000 years ago, Lake Mungo (SA) was full of water with plentiful billabongs etc. Now it is literally desert and no surface water. When sea water encroached the land after the big melt, this in fact increased precipitation and produced eventually the monsoon climate up north. You all now, that the shape of Australia that 50 miles from the coast precipitation reduces but elevated mountain ranges, like the great divide, do get more rain. We get a lot of rain here, but unlike Tamworth we have a massive dam, (Malpas) that is rarely less than 80% full. But the water is alkaline and a bit hard. Doesn’t worry the large fish though.
“Yes”, “no”, and “absolutely no” and “sort of” depending on how much you think your audience wants you to exaggerate the claim.
Now that I have confused you …Let me explain things so you really get confused.
The American side of the falls is divided from the Horseshoe falls by the island, so the two water flows are completely separate. Several times, the US side HAS frozen solid – since it has less flow, more slow water over “rapids” and thinner streams it can freeze easier than the deeper, wider, faster Canadian side. Above, a writer (you ?) pointed out a coffer dam that blocked flow completely on the US side while they “experts” tried to figure out if they were going to re-landscape the whole falls and re-build it as it used to be in the 1800’s before erosion.
The Canadian side can’t really be completely closed off. The dams themselves upstream of the Horseshoe falls don’t go completely across and aren’t high enough. They are more like weirs (partial blocks of the river with the top of the weir just underwater) to divert water into the old power plant inlets, but not dam the whole river. Also, the older power plants took water from right above the falls from the Niagara River itself or from canals adjacent to the river. Those plants are all closed now and the water inlets are waaaaay upstream of the Niagara falls with controlled inlets nearer the side of Lake Eire than the falls themselves. (The Adam Beck inlets are actually on the Welland River off of the side of the Niagara.)
So, if both the US and Canadian power plant openings were suddenly completely opened 100% like the old power plant “throttle valves” were opened when the barge was floating downriver, nowdays the water already in the Niagara River would just keep flowing. Less after a few minutes (15-20) as the Lake Eire water didn’t flow into the Niagara entrance itself, but never zero.
The two very large power plants now running (one on the US side and two on the Canadian side) are fed by huge underground tunnels past the falls to a point a long way downstream off the falls themselves. There is more height difference then from Lake Eire surface (not after the rapids of the Niagara) and also the outlet of the new power plants is substantially lower than the bottom of the falls. More height difference = more energy out from the same flow of water. Technically, the US plant has a forebay (a water inlet area directly fed from the underground “pipes”) a upstream water pump/hydro-power plant (the Lewiston Pump-Gen plant), the 1900 acre artificial pumped storage “pond”, and the Robert Moses Power plant.
Volumes to show this:
202,000 cubic feet/second normal river flow, normal years no hydro power generated.
April to October, 100,000 ft^3/sec MUST flow during daylight hours for the tourists, and 50,000 at night. So, the plants and their tunnels were designed to use that much water (100,000 ft^3/sec maximum) and no more. So, roughly half of the water flow can be diverted now. Since the US-Canada treaty prevented any more from being used, why build very expensive larger pipes (46 feet x 65 feet is a big “pipe!) if they could never be used? Why build bigger turbines and control valves than what could ever be used? And, if the treaty were going to get thrown out (war maybe or whatever) then it is easier to build another power plant then then build a “too big” plant that may never get used at any time.
But arithmetic never stopped propagandists from claiming the whole river could be diverted. And, in the future, it “might” be able to be diverted. But not now.
Breath deep, the gathering gloom. CO2 exhaled with every breath, we are all doomed. Evolution has went astray and we are now just a twisted array.
We are just a half hour from Niagara Falls here in Western New York State. This morning, March 6th, it was -12 F — that’s MINUS 12 degrees Fahrenheit. Typical temperatures usually range in the 30’s & 40’s at this time of year.
Slowly I turned, step by step, inch by inch …