Unfortunately he based his arguments on the pre-correction MSU and the results post-9/11 didn’t bear his theory out as I recall.

So they say. They do grow a lot of garlic, have a garlic processing plant, have the garlic festival (complete with delicacies such as garlic ice cream…) and at harvest time you can smell them about 10 miles before you get there. (I drive highway 152 past the processing plant every month or two so I get this experience frequently.)

I’m just glad that I like the smell of garlic. Don’t know why folks make jokes about it, but I take care knowing that others are not so enamored…

isnt Gilroy the garlic capitol of California?

What is of vital importance in Thatcher’s unseen legacy is that

the giving of grants to all disciplines could well be what first ensured a multidisciplinary basis of affirmation for AGW.

This is also a form of Divide And Rule, since specialists only know their own expertise.

http://books.google.com.au/books?id=_UwvYopNedMC&pg=PA413&lpg=PA413&dq=continental+drift+causes+heat&source=bl&ots=aLLaDNXxgp&sig=qOyWugrohEC7wRNA7jkL4yU3z6k&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result

(from California, of course!)

http://www.gilroydispatch.com/lifestyles/252232-try-the-new-carb-diet-and-lose-5000-pounds

Gilroy is a small town just east of Monterrey Bay in California.

Roger E. Sowell
Marina del Rey, CA

http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/reporting/ghg-rep/ghg-rep.htm

Roger E. Sowell
Marina del Rey, CA

Your chemical formula for jet fuel is not far off, but it has too many hydrogen atoms for the number of carbon atoms. As written, C12H26, this would be a fully-saturated hydrocarbon a.k.a. paraffin.

However, while jet fuel does have some paraffinic constituents, it also has a substantial amount of carbon rings both saturated and unsaturated, thus the hydrogen number is somewhat less than 26. The composition changes depending on the crude oil, plus some refining processes have an influence.

Further, like almost all petroleum products, jet fuel has a range of carbon numbers, typically from about 8 (although some as low as 4) all the way up to 16 or so. We blend some butane into jet fuel (the 4-carbon) to achieve the desired vapor pressure.

Finally, to get around the 37/2 O2 problem in the reaction chemistry, we normally multiply everything by a small number to get whole numbers across the equation. Thus, to use your example, we would have

2 C12H26 + 37 O2 —> 24 CO2 + 26 H2O.

Note that there are also other combustion products, usually NO, NO2, and some SO2, plus some un-burned fuel and some soot particles. There may also be carbon monoxide, CO.

By the way, the State of California now has official carbon-emission calculations for hydrocarbon combustion, developed as part of the Scoping Plan for Climate Change Initiative, a.k.a. as AB 32. This is the first step toward the Cap and Trade program, whereby every emitter of gaseous carbon (CO and CO2) must measure and report their sins. Measuring is required for 2009, and reporting is due in early 2010. There will be state-certified verifying agents who will check all this measuring and reporting.

I will find the link and post it.

Hope this helps.

Roger E. Sowell
Marina del Rey, CA

“Ya gotta believe its done that way on purpose.”

I couldn’t possibly comment

OK. Move along, nothing to see here.

Reply: The additional mass comes from the oxygen drawn from the surrounding air during combustion. ~ charles the moderator.

We sometimes overlook the obvious and such clear answers are important for us all to not take things at face value. Anyway it (unfortunately) got me thinking what are the combustion properties of jet fuel. I took kerosene as a basic jet turbine fuel and decided to work from there. I found that that it has a molecular formula of C12H26 and burns to C12H26(/) + 37/2 O2(g) -> 12 CO2(g) + 13 H2O(g).

I can understand 37 Oxygen atoms are bonded with Carbon and Hydrogen in a ratio 24 and 13 respectively but don’t understand why it is expressed as 37/2 O2 because that only gives me 18.5 Oxygen atoms for bonding and not 37.
Help.

See http://www.spaceweather.com/ for reports and visuals.