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	<title>Comments on: Something is rotten in Norway &#8211; 500,000 sq-km of sea ice disappears overnight</title>
	<atom:link href="http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/12/13/something-is-rotten-in-norway-500000-sq-km-of-sea-ice-disappears-overnight/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/12/13/something-is-rotten-in-norway-500000-sq-km-of-sea-ice-disappears-overnight/</link>
	<description>Commentary on puzzling things in life, nature, science, weather, climate change, technology, and recent news by Anthony Watts</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Sat, 21 Nov 2009 19:06:02 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>By: Neil</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/12/13/something-is-rotten-in-norway-500000-sq-km-of-sea-ice-disappears-overnight/#comment-85862</link>
		<dc:creator>Neil</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 17 Feb 2009 17:42:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.com/?p=4514#comment-85862</guid>
		<description>Of course global warming is nothing more than a huge tax scam with CO2 the revenue meter.
The warmist campaign is not scientific but political. The UK Climate Change Bill went through its 3rd reading without debate and with only a handful of Nay votes.
One needs to do more than write comments in pages such as this before the media etc is totally silenced. Stop the carbon con and don&#039;t be affraid of being called a flat earther or other stupid names.
One day the cat will be out of the bag but how much will it cost us all before then and how long will the jail term be for Gore and co for fraud on a world wide scale?  A political pardon me thinks.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Of course global warming is nothing more than a huge tax scam with CO2 the revenue meter.<br />
The warmist campaign is not scientific but political. The UK Climate Change Bill went through its 3rd reading without debate and with only a handful of Nay votes.<br />
One needs to do more than write comments in pages such as this before the media etc is totally silenced. Stop the carbon con and don&#8217;t be affraid of being called a flat earther or other stupid names.<br />
One day the cat will be out of the bag but how much will it cost us all before then and how long will the jail term be for Gore and co for fraud on a world wide scale?  A political pardon me thinks.</p>
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		<title>By: bugs</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/12/13/something-is-rotten-in-norway-500000-sq-km-of-sea-ice-disappears-overnight/#comment-66453</link>
		<dc:creator>bugs</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 24 Dec 2008 08:22:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.com/?p=4514#comment-66453</guid>
		<description>Hmmm, HANSEN sounds suspiciously like NANSEN?  Just a co-incidence?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hmmm, HANSEN sounds suspiciously like NANSEN?  Just a co-incidence?</p>
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		<title>By: John Odegard</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/12/13/something-is-rotten-in-norway-500000-sq-km-of-sea-ice-disappears-overnight/#comment-64536</link>
		<dc:creator>John Odegard</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 18 Dec 2008 03:38:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.com/?p=4514#comment-64536</guid>
		<description>Al Gore is correct,  we all need to pay alot more tax and buy carbon offsets to stop this melting.

http://news.yahoo.com/s/usnews/20081217/ts_usnews/arcticicemeltingatalarmingpace</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Al Gore is correct,  we all need to pay alot more tax and buy carbon offsets to stop this melting.</p>
<p><a href="http://news.yahoo.com/s/usnews/20081217/ts_usnews/arcticicemeltingatalarmingpace" rel="nofollow">http://news.yahoo.com/s/usnews/20081217/ts_usnews/arcticicemeltingatalarmingpace</a></p>
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		<title>By: George E. Smith</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/12/13/something-is-rotten-in-norway-500000-sq-km-of-sea-ice-disappears-overnight/#comment-64472</link>
		<dc:creator>George E. Smith</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 17 Dec 2008 19:54:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.com/?p=4514#comment-64472</guid>
		<description>I believe I did say &quot;if you grabbed a chunk of the ice/brine cocktail&quot;.

That would not be the old ice that has shed its brine.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I believe I did say &#8220;if you grabbed a chunk of the ice/brine cocktail&#8221;.</p>
<p>That would not be the old ice that has shed its brine.</p>
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		<title>By: Phil.</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/12/13/something-is-rotten-in-norway-500000-sq-km-of-sea-ice-disappears-overnight/#comment-64288</link>
		<dc:creator>Phil.</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 17 Dec 2008 03:34:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.com/?p=4514#comment-64288</guid>
		<description>&lt;em&gt;Well Phil, I guess it depends on your point of view. I would have to agree with what crosspatch said; only to the extent, that if you grabbed a chunk of that ice/brine cocktail and ate it, that you would get the benefit of the brine salt.&lt;/em&gt;

Only if it were new ice, multiyear ice will have expelled the brine by the mechanism referred to and is essentially fresh.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>Well Phil, I guess it depends on your point of view. I would have to agree with what crosspatch said; only to the extent, that if you grabbed a chunk of that ice/brine cocktail and ate it, that you would get the benefit of the brine salt.</em></p>
<p>Only if it were new ice, multiyear ice will have expelled the brine by the mechanism referred to and is essentially fresh.</p>
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		<title>By: George E. Smith</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/12/13/something-is-rotten-in-norway-500000-sq-km-of-sea-ice-disappears-overnight/#comment-64169</link>
		<dc:creator>George E. Smith</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 16 Dec 2008 19:59:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.com/?p=4514#comment-64169</guid>
		<description>&quot;&quot;  Phil. (07:48:48) : 

George E. Smith (11:50:04) :
“” crosspatch (19:07:45) :

Arctic sea ice is frozen sea water but the longer it lives the more the salt works out of it. The older it gets, the fresher it gets. “”

………….

But there really isn’t any “outsalting” process that goes on once the water is frozen. The very concept of solid means that the molecules are NOT free to move about in the solid, so any small amount of salt in the solid is not going to move about and get ejected from the solid.

Actually George crosspatch is right, see here for example: http://www.nsidc.org/seaice/characteristics/brine_salinity.html   &quot;&quot;


Well Phil, I guess it depends on your point of view.   I would have to agree with what crosspatch said; only to the extent, that if you grabbed a chunk of that ice/brine cocktail and ate it, that you would get the benefit of the brine salt.

But brine is not ice; and the ice, sans brine, is fresh water of quite high purity.

If you dig up your potatos or yams, and you don&#039;t pay attention to not collecting the weeds between them; then you could reasonably claim that potatos or yams have a lot of weed content.

But touch! crosspatch ! ; I never pass up an opportunity to learn something myself.

George</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;&#8221;  Phil. (07:48:48) : </p>
<p>George E. Smith (11:50:04) :<br />
“” crosspatch (19:07:45) :</p>
<p>Arctic sea ice is frozen sea water but the longer it lives the more the salt works out of it. The older it gets, the fresher it gets. “”</p>
<p>………….</p>
<p>But there really isn’t any “outsalting” process that goes on once the water is frozen. The very concept of solid means that the molecules are NOT free to move about in the solid, so any small amount of salt in the solid is not going to move about and get ejected from the solid.</p>
<p>Actually George crosspatch is right, see here for example: <a href="http://www.nsidc.org/seaice/characteristics/brine_salinity.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.nsidc.org/seaice/characteristics/brine_salinity.html</a>   &#8220;&#8221;</p>
<p>Well Phil, I guess it depends on your point of view.   I would have to agree with what crosspatch said; only to the extent, that if you grabbed a chunk of that ice/brine cocktail and ate it, that you would get the benefit of the brine salt.</p>
<p>But brine is not ice; and the ice, sans brine, is fresh water of quite high purity.</p>
<p>If you dig up your potatos or yams, and you don&#8217;t pay attention to not collecting the weeds between them; then you could reasonably claim that potatos or yams have a lot of weed content.</p>
<p>But touch! crosspatch ! ; I never pass up an opportunity to learn something myself.</p>
<p>George</p>
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		<title>By: sean</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/12/13/something-is-rotten-in-norway-500000-sq-km-of-sea-ice-disappears-overnight/#comment-64160</link>
		<dc:creator>sean</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 16 Dec 2008 19:34:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.com/?p=4514#comment-64160</guid>
		<description>I can believe a minor change went wrong. Happens all the time. Been there, got the T shirt. Lesson 1. run the new script over old data as you know what the output should look like. Lesson 2. It is less painful to own up with a readme /release note  than to wait to be caught.    

That said, why has extent leveled of over the last few days? Is it real? Wind compacting?

Dec 10	11650000
Dec 11	11678594
Dec 12	11681563
Dec 13	11662813
Dec 14	11640625
Dec 15	11682813

 Source IJIS web site today.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I can believe a minor change went wrong. Happens all the time. Been there, got the T shirt. Lesson 1. run the new script over old data as you know what the output should look like. Lesson 2. It is less painful to own up with a readme /release note  than to wait to be caught.    </p>
<p>That said, why has extent leveled of over the last few days? Is it real? Wind compacting?</p>
<p>Dec 10	11650000<br />
Dec 11	11678594<br />
Dec 12	11681563<br />
Dec 13	11662813<br />
Dec 14	11640625<br />
Dec 15	11682813</p>
<p> Source IJIS web site today.</p>
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		<title>By: Rhys Jaggar</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/12/13/something-is-rotten-in-norway-500000-sq-km-of-sea-ice-disappears-overnight/#comment-64140</link>
		<dc:creator>Rhys Jaggar</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 16 Dec 2008 18:49:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.com/?p=4514#comment-64140</guid>
		<description>NSIDC.ORG is now flat-lining for four days from 11th December on ice extent.

Is this to make them consistent with NANSEN?

Don&#039;t know.......but it sure raises questions.....in the interest of science.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>NSIDC.ORG is now flat-lining for four days from 11th December on ice extent.</p>
<p>Is this to make them consistent with NANSEN?</p>
<p>Don&#8217;t know&#8230;&#8230;.but it sure raises questions&#8230;..in the interest of science.</p>
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		<title>By: anna v</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/12/13/something-is-rotten-in-norway-500000-sq-km-of-sea-ice-disappears-overnight/#comment-64114</link>
		<dc:creator>anna v</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 16 Dec 2008 17:41:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.com/?p=4514#comment-64114</guid>
		<description>Trevor (02:57:29) :

&lt;i&gt;Comparing the Nansen graphs with AMSR. What is going on at AMSR. They are showing that ice extent has fallen for the past week or so. I remain sceptical of the reasons for changing the graphs. Too convenient. &lt;/i&gt;

Have a look at the animation in cryosphere http://arctic.atmos.uiuc.edu/cryosphere/ .

There is a retreat the last few days.

If you look at the water temperature anomalies, another animation at the bottom of the index page http://weather.unisys.com/archive/sst/, you will see a &quot;hot spot&quot; south of Iceland after mid november. Volcano/geothermal activity?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Trevor (02:57:29) :</p>
<p><i>Comparing the Nansen graphs with AMSR. What is going on at AMSR. They are showing that ice extent has fallen for the past week or so. I remain sceptical of the reasons for changing the graphs. Too convenient. </i></p>
<p>Have a look at the animation in cryosphere <a href="http://arctic.atmos.uiuc.edu/cryosphere/" rel="nofollow">http://arctic.atmos.uiuc.edu/cryosphere/</a> .</p>
<p>There is a retreat the last few days.</p>
<p>If you look at the water temperature anomalies, another animation at the bottom of the index page <a href="http://weather.unisys.com/archive/sst/" rel="nofollow">http://weather.unisys.com/archive/sst/</a>, you will see a &#8220;hot spot&#8221; south of Iceland after mid november. Volcano/geothermal activity?</p>
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		<title>By: Phil.</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/12/13/something-is-rotten-in-norway-500000-sq-km-of-sea-ice-disappears-overnight/#comment-64068</link>
		<dc:creator>Phil.</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 16 Dec 2008 16:31:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.com/?p=4514#comment-64068</guid>
		<description>&lt;em&gt;Trevor (02:57:29) :
Comparing the Nansen graphs with AMSR. What is going on at AMSR. They are showing that ice extent has fallen for the past week or so.&lt;/em&gt;

And if you look at the other curves you&#039;ll notice that it&#039;s not an uncommon event even in January.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>Trevor (02:57:29) :<br />
Comparing the Nansen graphs with AMSR. What is going on at AMSR. They are showing that ice extent has fallen for the past week or so.</em></p>
<p>And if you look at the other curves you&#8217;ll notice that it&#8217;s not an uncommon event even in January.</p>
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		<title>By: Phil.</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/12/13/something-is-rotten-in-norway-500000-sq-km-of-sea-ice-disappears-overnight/#comment-64053</link>
		<dc:creator>Phil.</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 16 Dec 2008 15:48:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.com/?p=4514#comment-64053</guid>
		<description>&lt;em&gt;George E. Smith (11:50:04) :
“” crosspatch (19:07:45) :

Arctic sea ice is frozen sea water but the longer it lives the more the salt works out of it. The older it gets, the fresher it gets. “”

.............

But there really isn’t any “outsalting” process that goes on once the water is frozen. The very concept of solid means that the molecules are NOT free to move about in the solid, so any small amount of salt in the solid is not going to move about and get ejected from the solid.&lt;/em&gt;

Actually George &lt;em&gt;crosspatch&lt;/em&gt; is right, see here for example: http://www.nsidc.org/seaice/characteristics/brine_salinity.html</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>George E. Smith (11:50:04) :<br />
“” crosspatch (19:07:45) :</p>
<p>Arctic sea ice is frozen sea water but the longer it lives the more the salt works out of it. The older it gets, the fresher it gets. “”</p>
<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.</p>
<p>But there really isn’t any “outsalting” process that goes on once the water is frozen. The very concept of solid means that the molecules are NOT free to move about in the solid, so any small amount of salt in the solid is not going to move about and get ejected from the solid.</em></p>
<p>Actually George <em>crosspatch</em> is right, see here for example: <a href="http://www.nsidc.org/seaice/characteristics/brine_salinity.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.nsidc.org/seaice/characteristics/brine_salinity.html</a></p>
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		<title>By: John A.</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/12/13/something-is-rotten-in-norway-500000-sq-km-of-sea-ice-disappears-overnight/#comment-64025</link>
		<dc:creator>John A.</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 16 Dec 2008 13:45:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.com/?p=4514#comment-64025</guid>
		<description>Somehow data, when inconvenient to the person presenting it, always seems to change.  If their reason, software change, whatever it is, is valid, then why is only one part of the graph affected?  2 + 2=4 in my book, according to theirs it&#039;s 22.  hmmmm</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Somehow data, when inconvenient to the person presenting it, always seems to change.  If their reason, software change, whatever it is, is valid, then why is only one part of the graph affected?  2 + 2=4 in my book, according to theirs it&#8217;s 22.  hmmmm</p>
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		<title>By: Trevor</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/12/13/something-is-rotten-in-norway-500000-sq-km-of-sea-ice-disappears-overnight/#comment-63999</link>
		<dc:creator>Trevor</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 16 Dec 2008 10:57:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.com/?p=4514#comment-63999</guid>
		<description>Comparing the Nansen graphs with AMSR. What is going on at AMSR. They are showing that ice extent has fallen for the past week or so. I remain sceptical of the reasons for changing the graphs. Too convenient.

Link to AMSR

http://www.ijis.iarc.uaf.edu/seaice/extent/AMSRE_Sea_Ice_Extent.png</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Comparing the Nansen graphs with AMSR. What is going on at AMSR. They are showing that ice extent has fallen for the past week or so. I remain sceptical of the reasons for changing the graphs. Too convenient.</p>
<p>Link to AMSR</p>
<p><a href="http://www.ijis.iarc.uaf.edu/seaice/extent/AMSRE_Sea_Ice_Extent.png" rel="nofollow">http://www.ijis.iarc.uaf.edu/seaice/extent/AMSRE_Sea_Ice_Extent.png</a></p>
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		<title>By: Roald</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/12/13/something-is-rotten-in-norway-500000-sq-km-of-sea-ice-disappears-overnight/#comment-63996</link>
		<dc:creator>Roald</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 16 Dec 2008 10:41:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.com/?p=4514#comment-63996</guid>
		<description>There is now a correction note on the NANSEN website:

On 13th December the ice area and extent were recalculated and new curves plotted for 01.09.2008-12.12.2008 due to error in new version of software.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There is now a correction note on the NANSEN website:</p>
<p>On 13th December the ice area and extent were recalculated and new curves plotted for 01.09.2008-12.12.2008 due to error in new version of software.</p>
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		<title>By: Geophys55, Houston</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/12/13/something-is-rotten-in-norway-500000-sq-km-of-sea-ice-disappears-overnight/#comment-63857</link>
		<dc:creator>Geophys55, Houston</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Dec 2008 23:37:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.com/?p=4514#comment-63857</guid>
		<description>When you combine this with the &quot;hottest October&quot; hoax we just saw and  the &quot;Ten Hottest Years&quot;  hoax a few years back and the other (always upward) &quot;adjustments&quot; that keep happening to temperature measurements, it stops being amusing.  

   I looked in over at the Nansen site, today.  Maybe I missed it, but I didn&#039;t see any mea culpas over there.  Perhaps they think that posting on “Watts” is enough?

  I kinda gotta throw in with Thorn (Charlton Heston) when he mocked Sol Roth&#039;s  (Edward G, Robinson) lament &quot;Greenhouse Effect! Everything&#039;s burning up!&quot;.

(See Soylent Green, 1973 – a true classic SF movie)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>When you combine this with the &#8220;hottest October&#8221; hoax we just saw and  the &#8220;Ten Hottest Years&#8221;  hoax a few years back and the other (always upward) &#8220;adjustments&#8221; that keep happening to temperature measurements, it stops being amusing.  </p>
<p>   I looked in over at the Nansen site, today.  Maybe I missed it, but I didn&#8217;t see any mea culpas over there.  Perhaps they think that posting on “Watts” is enough?</p>
<p>  I kinda gotta throw in with Thorn (Charlton Heston) when he mocked Sol Roth&#8217;s  (Edward G, Robinson) lament &#8220;Greenhouse Effect! Everything&#8217;s burning up!&#8221;.</p>
<p>(See Soylent Green, 1973 – a true classic SF movie)</p>
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		<title>By: jae</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/12/13/something-is-rotten-in-norway-500000-sq-km-of-sea-ice-disappears-overnight/#comment-63830</link>
		<dc:creator>jae</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Dec 2008 21:43:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.com/?p=4514#comment-63830</guid>
		<description>Regarding the note from Stein at Nansen:  ??  It is obvious that changes were made from about 11 September, but he says 22 October.  WTF?  And the &quot;adjustment&quot; obviously amounted to a constant for all months following 11 Sept.  How could they &quot;lose&quot; a constant amount of ice for 3 months?  Much more explanation is needed!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Regarding the note from Stein at Nansen:  ??  It is obvious that changes were made from about 11 September, but he says 22 October.  WTF?  And the &#8220;adjustment&#8221; obviously amounted to a constant for all months following 11 Sept.  How could they &#8220;lose&#8221; a constant amount of ice for 3 months?  Much more explanation is needed!</p>
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		<title>By: George E. Smith</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/12/13/something-is-rotten-in-norway-500000-sq-km-of-sea-ice-disappears-overnight/#comment-63793</link>
		<dc:creator>George E. Smith</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Dec 2008 19:50:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.com/?p=4514#comment-63793</guid>
		<description>&quot;&quot;  crosspatch (19:07:45) : 

Arctic sea ice is frozen sea water but the longer it lives the more the salt works out of it. The older it gets, the fresher it gets.  &quot;&quot;

Well not exactly; the solubility of the salts in the solid phase (Ice) is very much less than in the liquid phase (water).   The ice &quot;grows&quot; at the interface between the liquid phase and the solid phase, and the salts are excluded from the solid at that time, which makes the liquid at the interface even more salty than normal, but the ice as grown, is quite fresh.   I don&#039;t know exactly what the segregation coefficient is for the common salts in sea water; but presumably any of those Oceanographer types from Scripps and such places could tell us.

For sea water with 2.47% salinity, the maximum density occurs at the freezing point which is about -2.5 deg C.  Normal sea water is about 3.5% salinity, and freezes at an evan lower temperature, and also keeps getting denser till it freezes.

The floating ice, being freshwater, melts at zero C so once the sea freezes, it tends to grow quite quickly.

But there really isn&#039;t any &quot;outsalting&quot; process that goes on once the water is frozen.   The very concept of solid means that the molecules are NOT free to move about in the solid, so any small amount of salt in the solid is not going to move about and get ejected from the solid.

Freezing, including seeded growth of a crystal, is a very common process for highly purifying materials.

We used to grow single crystals of Gallium Arsenide for semiconductor products (LEDs), using a &quot;:Gradient Freeze&quot; process, whereby the crystal growth started at a seed crystal, and proceeded along the melt driving any impurities in front of the growth face, so all the impurities were caught in the extreme end of the crystal, or uually left in a small liquid &quot;slag&quot; puddle at the 3end of the growth.   We also reprocessed recycled gallium and purified it to seven nines purity (99.99999%) by repeated crystallization, and remelting.

George</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;&#8221;  crosspatch (19:07:45) : </p>
<p>Arctic sea ice is frozen sea water but the longer it lives the more the salt works out of it. The older it gets, the fresher it gets.  &#8220;&#8221;</p>
<p>Well not exactly; the solubility of the salts in the solid phase (Ice) is very much less than in the liquid phase (water).   The ice &#8220;grows&#8221; at the interface between the liquid phase and the solid phase, and the salts are excluded from the solid at that time, which makes the liquid at the interface even more salty than normal, but the ice as grown, is quite fresh.   I don&#8217;t know exactly what the segregation coefficient is for the common salts in sea water; but presumably any of those Oceanographer types from Scripps and such places could tell us.</p>
<p>For sea water with 2.47% salinity, the maximum density occurs at the freezing point which is about -2.5 deg C.  Normal sea water is about 3.5% salinity, and freezes at an evan lower temperature, and also keeps getting denser till it freezes.</p>
<p>The floating ice, being freshwater, melts at zero C so once the sea freezes, it tends to grow quite quickly.</p>
<p>But there really isn&#8217;t any &#8220;outsalting&#8221; process that goes on once the water is frozen.   The very concept of solid means that the molecules are NOT free to move about in the solid, so any small amount of salt in the solid is not going to move about and get ejected from the solid.</p>
<p>Freezing, including seeded growth of a crystal, is a very common process for highly purifying materials.</p>
<p>We used to grow single crystals of Gallium Arsenide for semiconductor products (LEDs), using a &#8220;:Gradient Freeze&#8221; process, whereby the crystal growth started at a seed crystal, and proceeded along the melt driving any impurities in front of the growth face, so all the impurities were caught in the extreme end of the crystal, or uually left in a small liquid &#8220;slag&#8221; puddle at the 3end of the growth.   We also reprocessed recycled gallium and purified it to seven nines purity (99.99999%) by repeated crystallization, and remelting.</p>
<p>George</p>
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		<title>By: tarpon</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/12/13/something-is-rotten-in-norway-500000-sq-km-of-sea-ice-disappears-overnight/#comment-63787</link>
		<dc:creator>tarpon</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Dec 2008 19:19:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.com/?p=4514#comment-63787</guid>
		<description>So let me get this straight, the answer to the discrepancy is the sea ice levels were too high. OK, is that too high fo the hoaxers -- Or is it the truth, or is it just made up as well, the apparent error was made at the apex of the graph, hmmmm. Just call me skeptical.

Aren&#039;t the warmist hoaxers &lt;b&gt;required to prove their hoax&lt;/b&gt;, instead of others disproving it? There is no proof that stands up that global warming caused by man exists.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>So let me get this straight, the answer to the discrepancy is the sea ice levels were too high. OK, is that too high fo the hoaxers &#8212; Or is it the truth, or is it just made up as well, the apparent error was made at the apex of the graph, hmmmm. Just call me skeptical.</p>
<p>Aren&#8217;t the warmist hoaxers <b>required to prove their hoax</b>, instead of others disproving it? There is no proof that stands up that global warming caused by man exists.</p>
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		<title>By: James Fuchs</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/12/13/something-is-rotten-in-norway-500000-sq-km-of-sea-ice-disappears-overnight/#comment-63744</link>
		<dc:creator>James Fuchs</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Dec 2008 17:20:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.com/?p=4514#comment-63744</guid>
		<description>Why does this matter at all?  The warmists are right that a few years of cold does not DIS-prove global warming.  Normal or increasing ice caps for a few years does not DIS-prove global warming.

Why is everyone falling into this trap?  It is not anyone&#039;s responsibility to DIS-prove global warming.  Global Warming, anthropogenic or otherwise, has never been proven.  The Burden of Proof is on the warmists, and always has been.  

The answer is in the HADCRUT data and always has been.  THERE HAS BEEN NO GLOBAL WARMING.  This is not something that you or I have to DISprove.  THEY have NEVER proven it.  All temperature data that the warmists rely on that is prior to 1940 is MADE UP.  Anyone ever hear of BOOTSTRAPPING?  It can only be reliably used on NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED data - which temperatures are not.  

How do folks here justify a Global Average Temperature for, say, 1860, that is based on data from less than 16% of the globe?

Where is the temperature data prior to 1940 FROM?  Are they reliable sources?  Were they all collected according to ONE standard methodology?

In order to try to DISprove global warming, one must first accept that the data presented to prove it is reliable/acceptable proof.  Why is everyone here proceeding as if they are trying to DISprove something that has been proven?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Why does this matter at all?  The warmists are right that a few years of cold does not DIS-prove global warming.  Normal or increasing ice caps for a few years does not DIS-prove global warming.</p>
<p>Why is everyone falling into this trap?  It is not anyone&#8217;s responsibility to DIS-prove global warming.  Global Warming, anthropogenic or otherwise, has never been proven.  The Burden of Proof is on the warmists, and always has been.  </p>
<p>The answer is in the HADCRUT data and always has been.  THERE HAS BEEN NO GLOBAL WARMING.  This is not something that you or I have to DISprove.  THEY have NEVER proven it.  All temperature data that the warmists rely on that is prior to 1940 is MADE UP.  Anyone ever hear of BOOTSTRAPPING?  It can only be reliably used on NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED data &#8211; which temperatures are not.  </p>
<p>How do folks here justify a Global Average Temperature for, say, 1860, that is based on data from less than 16% of the globe?</p>
<p>Where is the temperature data prior to 1940 FROM?  Are they reliable sources?  Were they all collected according to ONE standard methodology?</p>
<p>In order to try to DISprove global warming, one must first accept that the data presented to prove it is reliable/acceptable proof.  Why is everyone here proceeding as if they are trying to DISprove something that has been proven?</p>
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		<title>By: James Fuchs</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/12/13/something-is-rotten-in-norway-500000-sq-km-of-sea-ice-disappears-overnight/#comment-63737</link>
		<dc:creator>James Fuchs</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Dec 2008 17:04:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.com/?p=4514#comment-63737</guid>
		<description>Um, that&#039;s great and all; but, why are we assuming that EITHER graph is accurate?  I have no way to assess the accuracy of the data presented whether they change it overnight, or keep it the same.

Besides which, it seems that the data are all collected, recorded, and presented by individuals who have a vested interest in having the evidence support Global Warming -- how is it that either graph is reliable?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Um, that&#8217;s great and all; but, why are we assuming that EITHER graph is accurate?  I have no way to assess the accuracy of the data presented whether they change it overnight, or keep it the same.</p>
<p>Besides which, it seems that the data are all collected, recorded, and presented by individuals who have a vested interest in having the evidence support Global Warming &#8212; how is it that either graph is reliable?</p>
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