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	<title>Comments on: How not to measure temperature, part 56</title>
	<atom:link href="http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/04/03/how-not-to-measure-temperature-part-56/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/04/03/how-not-to-measure-temperature-part-56/</link>
	<description>Commentary on puzzling things in life, nature, science, weather, climate change, technology, and recent news by Anthony Watts</description>
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		<title>By: Evan Jones</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/04/03/how-not-to-measure-temperature-part-56/#comment-10964</link>
		<dc:creator>Evan Jones</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 09 Apr 2008 06:14:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.wordpress.com/?p=986#comment-10964</guid>
		<description>IRTNOG: I misremembered. (It was E.B. White.)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>IRTNOG: I misremembered. (It was E.B. White.)</p>
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		<title>By: Evan Jones</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/04/03/how-not-to-measure-temperature-part-56/#comment-10936</link>
		<dc:creator>Evan Jones</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 09 Apr 2008 01:32:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.wordpress.com/?p=986#comment-10936</guid>
		<description>&lt;cite&gt;Devilish business, this. So many potential sources of error and uncertainty to determine a final result of such relatively low magnitude (avg. temp. rise of a few degrees globally over many years.)&lt;/cite&gt;

Worse. All this purports to measure a 0.72 increase from 1900 - 2000. 

&quot;Adjusted&quot; up from 0.60. For an unknown reason.

NOAA adjusts temperatures UP 0.3C from the 1900 norm. This, when there is every reason to suspect that if SHAP were half up to snuff, the adjustments would clearly be DOWN. 

To make a long story short, according to NOAA/CRN&#039;s own estimates, the observed stations so far (c. 40% of the US net) is running an average 2.0°C too warm. And the bulk of these violations occurred after 1979 as a result of the MMTS switchover. 

As to how much this has affected the rate of change is yet to be determined. This iis the sort of violation that a.) should never occur in the first place, and, b.) SHAP shoud adjust for (but clearly does not).

Be sure to check the &quot;Weather Stations&quot; category on this blog which will give you the full cacophony of risible siting violations.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><cite>Devilish business, this. So many potential sources of error and uncertainty to determine a final result of such relatively low magnitude (avg. temp. rise of a few degrees globally over many years.)</cite></p>
<p>Worse. All this purports to measure a 0.72 increase from 1900 &#8211; 2000. </p>
<p>&#8220;Adjusted&#8221; up from 0.60. For an unknown reason.</p>
<p>NOAA adjusts temperatures UP 0.3C from the 1900 norm. This, when there is every reason to suspect that if SHAP were half up to snuff, the adjustments would clearly be DOWN. </p>
<p>To make a long story short, according to NOAA/CRN&#8217;s own estimates, the observed stations so far (c. 40% of the US net) is running an average 2.0°C too warm. And the bulk of these violations occurred after 1979 as a result of the MMTS switchover. </p>
<p>As to how much this has affected the rate of change is yet to be determined. This iis the sort of violation that a.) should never occur in the first place, and, b.) SHAP shoud adjust for (but clearly does not).</p>
<p>Be sure to check the &#8220;Weather Stations&#8221; category on this blog which will give you the full cacophony of risible siting violations.</p>
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		<title>By: lichanos</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/04/03/how-not-to-measure-temperature-part-56/#comment-10885</link>
		<dc:creator>lichanos</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 Apr 2008 18:49:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.wordpress.com/?p=986#comment-10885</guid>
		<description>E. Jones:

Thanks for your replies to my queries!  Devilish business, this.  So many potential sources of error and uncertainty to determine a final result of such relatively low magnitude (avg. temp. rise of a few degrees globally over many years.)

I read a book some years ago called Ice Time.  It was written in the late 80s, or early 90s when climatologists will principally concerned about a new ice age coming soon.  The author made an excellent point which is never discussed these days and which troubles me greatly, i.e., investigations that are largely dependent on complex digital simulations comprise a new kind of &quot;science.&quot;  Perhaps a kind that isn&#039;t really science as we know and value it?  More akin to informed speculation.  It has its uses, but you have to know the difference.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>E. Jones:</p>
<p>Thanks for your replies to my queries!  Devilish business, this.  So many potential sources of error and uncertainty to determine a final result of such relatively low magnitude (avg. temp. rise of a few degrees globally over many years.)</p>
<p>I read a book some years ago called Ice Time.  It was written in the late 80s, or early 90s when climatologists will principally concerned about a new ice age coming soon.  The author made an excellent point which is never discussed these days and which troubles me greatly, i.e., investigations that are largely dependent on complex digital simulations comprise a new kind of &#8220;science.&#8221;  Perhaps a kind that isn&#8217;t really science as we know and value it?  More akin to informed speculation.  It has its uses, but you have to know the difference.</p>
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		<title>By: Evan Jones</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/04/03/how-not-to-measure-temperature-part-56/#comment-10814</link>
		<dc:creator>Evan Jones</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 Apr 2008 04:15:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.wordpress.com/?p=986#comment-10814</guid>
		<description>&lt;cite&gt;This sensor is located north of the building. Wouldn’t that produce “colder” readings?&lt;/cite&gt;

You make joke, yes-no?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><cite>This sensor is located north of the building. Wouldn’t that produce “colder” readings?</cite></p>
<p>You make joke, yes-no?</p>
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		<title>By: Evan Jones</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/04/03/how-not-to-measure-temperature-part-56/#comment-10813</link>
		<dc:creator>Evan Jones</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 Apr 2008 04:11:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.wordpress.com/?p=986#comment-10813</guid>
		<description>&lt;cite&gt;I have a background in computer modeling of large natural water systems, and I can’t imagine anything comparable being done there.&lt;/cite&gt;

Fear not. Your imagination would seem to be in proper working order.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><cite>I have a background in computer modeling of large natural water systems, and I can’t imagine anything comparable being done there.</cite></p>
<p>Fear not. Your imagination would seem to be in proper working order.</p>
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		<title>By: Evan Jones</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/04/03/how-not-to-measure-temperature-part-56/#comment-10812</link>
		<dc:creator>Evan Jones</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 Apr 2008 04:04:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.wordpress.com/?p=986#comment-10812</guid>
		<description>&lt;cite&gt;What is the meaning of the metric, Average Global Temperature?

That is, are the records from the various stations taken and simply averaged?&lt;/cite&gt;

No. They&#039;re not THAT bad.

&lt;cite&gt;Are the station records weighted in some way to reflect the geographic area which they are assumed or calculated to represent? Is there a weighting to take into account the unequal distribution of stations across the hemispheres?&lt;/cite&gt;

Yes. They call that one &quot;gridding&quot;.



&lt;cite&gt;How are temperatures for the oceans gleaned, &lt;/cite&gt;

At various depths. 3m is the main measure IIRC. The Argos buoys are the latest, greatest, most comprehensive.

&lt;cite&gt;and are they treated the same?&lt;/cite&gt;

No. You get Land, Ocean, and the combo as sepearate measures.

&lt;cite&gt;Why is the Average Temperature considered meaningful, outside of being a crude metric for calibrating models?&lt;/cite&gt;

IRTNOG. (From the Stephen Leacock story.) Everyone loves a bottom line.

&lt;cite&gt;Wouldn’t it be better to develop average temperatures for global sectors?&lt;/cite&gt;

Yes. And they do, but no one pays any mind unless they live there. In one sense, all climate, like politics, is local. OTOH, &quot;Everybody wants to rule the world.&quot;

There are also highly questionable &quot;adjustments&quot; involved. Most infamous are:

--SHAP (Station History Adjustment Procedure), which adjusts for stations moves, or changes in environment. (Unless it doesn&#039;t.)

--FILENET, which fills in missing data from surrounding stations. (It gets very incestuous.)

--TOBS, which ajusts for shift in Tmax/Tmin when different 24-hour periods are considered. (NOAA has been known to be so diligent they even apply  warming adjustments to stations with quite consistent TOBS timing. But hush-hush!)

--MMTS, for which they adjust the temperatures warmer. (After having turned them into walking, squawking CRN4 violations on account of cable issues.)

--UHI, which is supposed to adjust for the well known urban heat island effects. When we delve closer, we are informed that cities result in upward (sic) adjustments almost as often as downward. (You may sart howling in anguish about now . . .)

Satellite measurements are more consistent (and arguably less &quot;political&quot;), but they are not direct temperature measurements, but microwave proxies, and measure the troposphere and stratosphere, not surface.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><cite>What is the meaning of the metric, Average Global Temperature?</p>
<p>That is, are the records from the various stations taken and simply averaged?</cite></p>
<p>No. They&#8217;re not THAT bad.</p>
<p><cite>Are the station records weighted in some way to reflect the geographic area which they are assumed or calculated to represent? Is there a weighting to take into account the unequal distribution of stations across the hemispheres?</cite></p>
<p>Yes. They call that one &#8220;gridding&#8221;.</p>
<p><cite>How are temperatures for the oceans gleaned, </cite></p>
<p>At various depths. 3m is the main measure IIRC. The Argos buoys are the latest, greatest, most comprehensive.</p>
<p><cite>and are they treated the same?</cite></p>
<p>No. You get Land, Ocean, and the combo as sepearate measures.</p>
<p><cite>Why is the Average Temperature considered meaningful, outside of being a crude metric for calibrating models?</cite></p>
<p>IRTNOG. (From the Stephen Leacock story.) Everyone loves a bottom line.</p>
<p><cite>Wouldn’t it be better to develop average temperatures for global sectors?</cite></p>
<p>Yes. And they do, but no one pays any mind unless they live there. In one sense, all climate, like politics, is local. OTOH, &#8220;Everybody wants to rule the world.&#8221;</p>
<p>There are also highly questionable &#8220;adjustments&#8221; involved. Most infamous are:</p>
<p>&#8211;SHAP (Station History Adjustment Procedure), which adjusts for stations moves, or changes in environment. (Unless it doesn&#8217;t.)</p>
<p>&#8211;FILENET, which fills in missing data from surrounding stations. (It gets very incestuous.)</p>
<p>&#8211;TOBS, which ajusts for shift in Tmax/Tmin when different 24-hour periods are considered. (NOAA has been known to be so diligent they even apply  warming adjustments to stations with quite consistent TOBS timing. But hush-hush!)</p>
<p>&#8211;MMTS, for which they adjust the temperatures warmer. (After having turned them into walking, squawking CRN4 violations on account of cable issues.)</p>
<p>&#8211;UHI, which is supposed to adjust for the well known urban heat island effects. When we delve closer, we are informed that cities result in upward (sic) adjustments almost as often as downward. (You may sart howling in anguish about now . . .)</p>
<p>Satellite measurements are more consistent (and arguably less &#8220;political&#8221;), but they are not direct temperature measurements, but microwave proxies, and measure the troposphere and stratosphere, not surface.</p>
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		<title>By: Douglas Hoyt</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/04/03/how-not-to-measure-temperature-part-56/#comment-10480</link>
		<dc:creator>Douglas Hoyt</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 05 Apr 2008 11:59:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.wordpress.com/?p=986#comment-10480</guid>
		<description>For those who think the UHI doesn&#039;t exist or is unchanging, see
http://www.azcentral.com/12news/news/articles/2008/04/04/20080404heatisland0405-CP.html

Money quotes on Phoenix:

&quot;Our freeways, streets and structures all hold in heat, creating a reservoir of heat in the Valley,&quot; Fernando said. &quot;There was almost no heat island effect in the Valley until the late 1940s but it was rising by the late 1950s and has risen quickly since then.

&quot;If you keep increasing the heat island effect, as we have, at some point it will become so uncomfortable that people will start leaving the Valley. It becomes the difference between comfort and misery.&quot;

The rising misery quotient in the Valley helped prompt the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality six years ago to sign an intergovernmental service agreement with Fernando and ASU to create a computer model to study air quality and meteorology, including the urban heat island effect.

According to the computer model, which Fernando and his colleagues completed last year, Valley temperatures have climbed in recent years from three to eight degrees in some areas, and as much as 10 to 11 degrees in the most densely built areas during the summer.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>For those who think the UHI doesn&#8217;t exist or is unchanging, see<br />
<a href="http://www.azcentral.com/12news/news/articles/2008/04/04/20080404heatisland0405-CP.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.azcentral.com/12news/news/articles/2008/04/04/20080404heatisland0405-CP.html</a></p>
<p>Money quotes on Phoenix:</p>
<p>&#8220;Our freeways, streets and structures all hold in heat, creating a reservoir of heat in the Valley,&#8221; Fernando said. &#8220;There was almost no heat island effect in the Valley until the late 1940s but it was rising by the late 1950s and has risen quickly since then.</p>
<p>&#8220;If you keep increasing the heat island effect, as we have, at some point it will become so uncomfortable that people will start leaving the Valley. It becomes the difference between comfort and misery.&#8221;</p>
<p>The rising misery quotient in the Valley helped prompt the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality six years ago to sign an intergovernmental service agreement with Fernando and ASU to create a computer model to study air quality and meteorology, including the urban heat island effect.</p>
<p>According to the computer model, which Fernando and his colleagues completed last year, Valley temperatures have climbed in recent years from three to eight degrees in some areas, and as much as 10 to 11 degrees in the most densely built areas during the summer.</p>
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		<title>By: Top Posts &#171; WordPress.com</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/04/03/how-not-to-measure-temperature-part-56/#comment-10452</link>
		<dc:creator>Top Posts &#171; WordPress.com</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 05 Apr 2008 00:00:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.wordpress.com/?p=986#comment-10452</guid>
		<description>[...]  How not to measure temperature, part 56 Our newest volunteer at surfacestations.org is Keith Taylor, and he&#8217;s gotten off to a great start with 2 stations [...] [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...]  How not to measure temperature, part 56 Our newest volunteer at surfacestations.org is Keith Taylor, and he&#8217;s gotten off to a great start with 2 stations [...] [...]</p>
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		<title>By: old construction worker</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/04/03/how-not-to-measure-temperature-part-56/#comment-10447</link>
		<dc:creator>old construction worker</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Apr 2008 23:10:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.wordpress.com/?p=986#comment-10447</guid>
		<description>March 2008. Continental USA DOWN .877C

Here in central Ohio, March was wet and cold.
Someone forgot to tell Mother Nature, March - In like Lion Out like a Lamb.
Well, it&#039;s April and it&#039;s still wet and cold.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>March 2008. Continental USA DOWN .877C</p>
<p>Here in central Ohio, March was wet and cold.<br />
Someone forgot to tell Mother Nature, March &#8211; In like Lion Out like a Lamb.<br />
Well, it&#8217;s April and it&#8217;s still wet and cold.</p>
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		<title>By: Jeff Alberts</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/04/03/how-not-to-measure-temperature-part-56/#comment-10433</link>
		<dc:creator>Jeff Alberts</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Apr 2008 20:27:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.wordpress.com/?p=986#comment-10433</guid>
		<description>&lt;blockquote&gt;“It’s us against phlegm”&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Oh no you didn&#039;t!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>“It’s us against phlegm”</p></blockquote>
<p>Oh no you didn&#8217;t!</p>
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		<title>By: Tony Edwards</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/04/03/how-not-to-measure-temperature-part-56/#comment-10429</link>
		<dc:creator>Tony Edwards</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Apr 2008 19:25:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.wordpress.com/?p=986#comment-10429</guid>
		<description>REPLY: “It’s us against phlegm”

Completely off topic, for which I apologise, but have you seen &quot;Achmed, the dead terrorist&quot; at
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1uwOL4rB-go
especially 1.32  to 2.02. Hope you feel better soon

&lt;strong&gt;REPLY:&lt;/strong&gt; Thanks for the laugh!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>REPLY: “It’s us against phlegm”</p>
<p>Completely off topic, for which I apologise, but have you seen &#8220;Achmed, the dead terrorist&#8221; at<br />
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1uwOL4rB-go" rel="nofollow">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1uwOL4rB-go</a><br />
especially 1.32  to 2.02. Hope you feel better soon</p>
<p><strong>REPLY:</strong> Thanks for the laugh!</p>
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		<title>By: Aaron</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/04/03/how-not-to-measure-temperature-part-56/#comment-10427</link>
		<dc:creator>Aaron</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Apr 2008 18:50:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.wordpress.com/?p=986#comment-10427</guid>
		<description>Gary - 

BHTICS - thats a great replacement for &quot;good enough for government work&quot;!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Gary &#8211; </p>
<p>BHTICS &#8211; thats a great replacement for &#8220;good enough for government work&#8221;!</p>
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		<title>By: Bruce</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/04/03/how-not-to-measure-temperature-part-56/#comment-10424</link>
		<dc:creator>Bruce</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Apr 2008 16:56:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.wordpress.com/?p=986#comment-10424</guid>
		<description>Satellite data coming in.

March 2008.  Continental USA DOWN .877C
 
ftp://ftp.ssmi.com/msu/monthly_time_series/rss_monthly_msu_amsu_channel_tlt_anomalies_land_and_ocean_v03_1.txt</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Satellite data coming in.</p>
<p>March 2008.  Continental USA DOWN .877C</p>
<p><a href="ftp://ftp.ssmi.com/msu/monthly_time_series/rss_monthly_msu_amsu_channel_tlt_anomalies_land_and_ocean_v03_1.txt" rel="nofollow">ftp://ftp.ssmi.com/msu/monthly_time_series/rss_monthly_msu_amsu_channel_tlt_anomalies_land_and_ocean_v03_1.txt</a></p>
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		<title>By: An Inquirer</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/04/03/how-not-to-measure-temperature-part-56/#comment-10422</link>
		<dc:creator>An Inquirer</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Apr 2008 16:33:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.wordpress.com/?p=986#comment-10422</guid>
		<description>Ah, Massive Head Cold !

More proof of global warming!

&lt;strong&gt;REPLY:&lt;/strong&gt; &quot;It&#039;s us against phlegm&quot;
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Ah, Massive Head Cold !</p>
<p>More proof of global warming!</p>
<p><strong>REPLY:</strong> &#8220;It&#8217;s us against phlegm&#8221;</p>
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		<title>By: Bruce</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/04/03/how-not-to-measure-temperature-part-56/#comment-10421</link>
		<dc:creator>Bruce</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Apr 2008 16:29:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.wordpress.com/?p=986#comment-10421</guid>
		<description>Off topic ... but monumental

BBC admits: 

&quot;This would mean global temperatures have not risen since 1998, prompting some to question climate change theory.&quot;

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7329799.stm


Sure ... they try and weasel out of it ... 


Anthony, keep up the good work. Its wearing them down.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Off topic &#8230; but monumental</p>
<p>BBC admits: </p>
<p>&#8220;This would mean global temperatures have not risen since 1998, prompting some to question climate change theory.&#8221;</p>
<p><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7329799.stm" rel="nofollow">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7329799.stm</a></p>
<p>Sure &#8230; they try and weasel out of it &#8230; </p>
<p>Anthony, keep up the good work. Its wearing them down.</p>
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		<title>By: Pierre Gosselin (aka AGWscoffer)</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/04/03/how-not-to-measure-temperature-part-56/#comment-10418</link>
		<dc:creator>Pierre Gosselin (aka AGWscoffer)</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Apr 2008 16:14:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.wordpress.com/?p=986#comment-10418</guid>
		<description>I just saw the temp plot. Looks like it has gotten cooler in Williamsburg.
Wonder why?

&lt;strong&gt;REPLY:&lt;/strong&gt; AGW is not global in its &quot;effects&quot;. I&#039;m betting that if someone can find the data for 2004 on and compare it to pre 2004, we&#039;ll see a jump. This is a perfect test case.
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I just saw the temp plot. Looks like it has gotten cooler in Williamsburg.<br />
Wonder why?</p>
<p><strong>REPLY:</strong> AGW is not global in its &#8220;effects&#8221;. I&#8217;m betting that if someone can find the data for 2004 on and compare it to pre 2004, we&#8217;ll see a jump. This is a perfect test case.</p>
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		<title>By: Stef</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/04/03/how-not-to-measure-temperature-part-56/#comment-10417</link>
		<dc:creator>Stef</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Apr 2008 16:14:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.wordpress.com/?p=986#comment-10417</guid>
		<description>It is good to see that world changing policy is being based on work done by such consummate professionals as these guys.

&quot;Ah heck, it ain&#039;t important, I&#039;ll just put down 1st January. The debate&#039;s over anyhow...&quot;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It is good to see that world changing policy is being based on work done by such consummate professionals as these guys.</p>
<p>&#8220;Ah heck, it ain&#8217;t important, I&#8217;ll just put down 1st January. The debate&#8217;s over anyhow&#8230;&#8221;</p>
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		<title>By: Pierre Gosselin (aka AGWscoffer)</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/04/03/how-not-to-measure-temperature-part-56/#comment-10416</link>
		<dc:creator>Pierre Gosselin (aka AGWscoffer)</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Apr 2008 16:11:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.wordpress.com/?p=986#comment-10416</guid>
		<description>This sensor is located north of the building. Wouldn&#039;t that produce &quot;colder&quot; readings?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This sensor is located north of the building. Wouldn&#8217;t that produce &#8220;colder&#8221; readings?</p>
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		<title>By: M. Jeff</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/04/03/how-not-to-measure-temperature-part-56/#comment-10411</link>
		<dc:creator>M. Jeff</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Apr 2008 15:06:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.wordpress.com/?p=986#comment-10411</guid>
		<description>Speaking of errors, &quot;million&quot; in the excerpt below is off by a factor of 1000.

http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2008/04/02/solar-wind-sun.html 

&quot;Solar Wind Born of Colliding Magnetic Fields&quot; 

... At the Royal Astronomical Society meeting, Harra planned to show images from the orbiting Hinode spacecraft showing magnetic fields linking two bright spots on the sun that were nearly 500 million kilometers, or 311 million miles, apart -- a distance equivalent to 40 Earths placed side by side. ...</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Speaking of errors, &#8220;million&#8221; in the excerpt below is off by a factor of 1000.</p>
<p><a href="http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2008/04/02/solar-wind-sun.html" rel="nofollow">http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2008/04/02/solar-wind-sun.html</a> </p>
<p>&#8220;Solar Wind Born of Colliding Magnetic Fields&#8221; </p>
<p>&#8230; At the Royal Astronomical Society meeting, Harra planned to show images from the orbiting Hinode spacecraft showing magnetic fields linking two bright spots on the sun that were nearly 500 million kilometers, or 311 million miles, apart &#8212; a distance equivalent to 40 Earths placed side by side. &#8230;</p>
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		<title>By: lichanos</title>
		<link>http://wattsupwiththat.com/2008/04/03/how-not-to-measure-temperature-part-56/#comment-10404</link>
		<dc:creator>lichanos</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Apr 2008 13:24:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wattsupwiththat.wordpress.com/?p=986#comment-10404</guid>
		<description>Hi-

I find your blog very interesting, but I have not had time to digest much of the technical detail yet.  I am trained as an engineer, and I share your Green-Sceptic attitude.

I have a specific question that perhaps you can answer succinctly:

What is the meaning of the metric, Average Global Temperature?

That is, are the records from the various stations taken and simply averaged?
Are the station records weighted in some way to reflect the geographic area which they are assumed or calculated to represent?
Is there a weighting to take into account the unequal distribution of stations across the hemispheres?
How are temperatures for the oceans gleaned, and are they treated the same?
Why is the Average Temperature considered meaningful, outside of being a crude metric for calibrating models?
Wouldn&#039;t it be better to develop average temperatures for global sectors?

Anyway, the one question is really many, but I&#039;d appreciate a short answer if you can take the time for one.  I really am puzzled by this.  I have a background in computer modeling of large natural water systems, and I can&#039;t imagine anything comparable being done there.

Best regards,
L</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi-</p>
<p>I find your blog very interesting, but I have not had time to digest much of the technical detail yet.  I am trained as an engineer, and I share your Green-Sceptic attitude.</p>
<p>I have a specific question that perhaps you can answer succinctly:</p>
<p>What is the meaning of the metric, Average Global Temperature?</p>
<p>That is, are the records from the various stations taken and simply averaged?<br />
Are the station records weighted in some way to reflect the geographic area which they are assumed or calculated to represent?<br />
Is there a weighting to take into account the unequal distribution of stations across the hemispheres?<br />
How are temperatures for the oceans gleaned, and are they treated the same?<br />
Why is the Average Temperature considered meaningful, outside of being a crude metric for calibrating models?<br />
Wouldn&#8217;t it be better to develop average temperatures for global sectors?</p>
<p>Anyway, the one question is really many, but I&#8217;d appreciate a short answer if you can take the time for one.  I really am puzzled by this.  I have a background in computer modeling of large natural water systems, and I can&#8217;t imagine anything comparable being done there.</p>
<p>Best regards,<br />
L</p>
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